442 Ancient Viking Skeletons Hold DNA Surprises – Does Your Y or Mitochondrial DNA Match? Daily Updates Here!

Posted on September 18, 2020 by Roberta Estes

Yesterday, in the journal Nature, the article “Population genomics of the Viking world,” was published by Margaryan, et al, a culmination of 6 years of work.

Just hours later, Science Daily published the article, “World’s largest DNA sequencing of Viking skeletons reveals they weren’t all Scandinavian.” Science magazine published “’Viking’ was a job description, not a matter of heredity, massive ancient DNA study shows.” National Geographic wrote here, and CNN here.

Vikings Not All Scandinavian – Or Blonde

Say what??? That’s not at all what we thought we knew. That’s the great thing about science – we’re always learning something new.

442 Viking skeletons from outside Scandinavia were sequenced by Eske Willerslev’s lab, producing whole genome sequences for both men and women from sites in Scotland, Ukraine, Poland, Russia, the Baltic, Iceland, Greenland and elsewhere in continental Europe. They were then compared to known Viking samples from Scandinavia.

Not the grave where the sample was taken, but a Viking cemetery from Denmark.

One Viking boat burial in an Estonian Viking cemetery shows that 4 Viking brothers died and were buried together, ostensibly perishing in the same battle, on the same day. Based on their DNA, the brothers probably came from Sweden.

Vikings raiding parties from Scandinavia originated in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. At least some Viking raiders seem to be closely related to each other, and females in Iceland appear to be from the British Isles, suggesting that they may have “become” Vikings – although we don’t really understand the social and community structure.

Genes found in Vikings were contributed from across Europe, including southern Europe, and as afar away as Asia. Due to mixing resulting from the Viking raids beginning at Lindisfarne in 793 , the UK population today carries as much as 6% Viking DNA. Surprisingly, Swedes had only 10%.

Some Viking burials in both Orkney and Norway were actually genetically Pictish men. Converts, perhaps? One of these burials may actually be the earliest Pict skeleton sequenced to date.

Y DNA

Of the 442 skeletons, about 300 were male. The whole genome sequence includes the Y chromosome along with mitochondrial DNA, although it requires special processing to separate it usefully.

Goran Runfeldt, a member of the Million Mito team and head of research at FamilyTreeDNA began downloading DNA sequences immediately, and Michael Sager began analyzing Y DNA, hoping to add or split Y DNA tree branches.

Given the recent split of haplogroup P and A00, these ancient samples hold HUGE promise.

Michael and Goran have agreed to share their work as they process these samples – providing a rare glimpse real-time into the lab.

You and the Tree

Everyone is so excited about this paper, and I want you to be able to see if your Y or mitochondrial DNA, or that of your relatives matches the DNA haplogroups in the paper.

The paper itself uses the older letter=number designations for Y DNA haplogroup, so FamilyTreeDNA is rerunning, aligning and certifying the actual SNPs. The column FTDNA Haplogroup reflects the SNP Y haplogroup name.

Note that new Y DNA branches appear on the tree the day AFTER the change is made, and right now, changes resulting from this paper are being made hourly. I will update the haplogroup information daily as more becomes available. Pay particular attention to the locations that show where the graves were found along with the FamilyTreeDNA notes.

Goran has also included the mtDNA haplogroup as identified in the paper. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have not been recalculated, but you just might see them in the Million Mito Project😊

Here’s what you’ll need to do:

Go to your Y or mitochondrial DNA results and find your haplogroup.

Do a browser search on this article to see if your haplogroup is shown. On a PC, that’s CTRL+F to show the “find” box. If your haplogroup isn’t showing, you could be downstream of the Viking haplogroup, so you’ll need to use the Y DNA Block Tree (for Big Y testers) or public haplotree, here.
If you’ve taken the Big Y test, click on the Block Tree on your results page and then look across the top of your results page to see if the haplogroup in question is “upstream” or a parent of your haplogroup.

click to enlarge

If you don’t see it, keep scanning to the left until you see the last SNP.

click to enlarge

If the haplogroup you are seeking is NOT shown in your direct upstream branches, you can type the name of the haplogroup into the search box. For example, I’ve typed I-BY3428. You can also simply click on the FTDNA name haplogroup link in the table, below, considerately provided by Goran.

click to enlarge

I don’t see the intersecting SNP yet, between the tester and the ancient sample, so if I click on I-Y2592, I can view the rest of the upstream branches of haplogroup I.

click to enlarge

By looking at the Y DNA SNPs of the tester, and the Y DNA SNPs of the ancient sample, I can see that the intersecting SNP is DF29, roughly 52 SNP generations in the past. Rule of thumb is that SNP generations are 80-100 years each.

If you haven’t tested your Y DNA and you’re a male, you can order a Y DNA test or upgrade to the Big Y-700, here. If you’re a female who doesn’t have Y DNA, you can find a male to test for that line in question or search the surname projects to see if someone from your line has already tested. If so, you can use the Y DNA public haplotree, here. I wrote about how to find DNA testing candidates, here.
For mitochondrial DNA, you can use the mitochondrial DNA public haplotree, here. Mitochondrial DNA is somewhat easier because it’s still written in the format of J1c1a which means that J is the root, J1 is the next branch, J1c the next younger branch and J1c1 the branch right above J1c1a. If you haven’t ordered a mitochondrial DNA test, you can order or upgrade, here.

How About You – Are You Related to a Viking?

Below, you’ll find the information from Y DNA results in the paper, reprocessed and analyzed, with FamilyTreeDNA verified SNP names, along with the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup of each Viking male.

Are you related, and if so, how closely?

I was surprised to find a sister-branch to my own mitochondrial J1c2f. J1c2 and several subclades or branches were found in Viking burials.

I need to check all of my ancestral lines, both male and female. There’s history waiting to be revealed. What have you discovered?

Ancient Viking Sample Information

Please note that this information will be updated on business days until all samples have been processed and placed on the Y DNA tree – so this will be a “live” copy of the most current phylogenetic information.

Link to the locations to see the locations of the excavation sites, and the haplogroups for the tree locations. Michael Sager is making comments as he reviews each sample.

Enjoy!

Sample: VK14 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-12
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY3428
mtDNA: J1c1a

Sample: VK16 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-2
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 11-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: X2b4

Sample: VK17 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-17
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: T-Y138678
FTDNA Comment: Shares 5 SNPs with a man from Chechen Republic, forming a new branch down of T-Y22559 (T-Y138678)
mtDNA: U5a2a1b

Sample: VK18 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-3
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP1370
mtDNA: H1b1

Sample: VK20 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-1
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 11th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y22478
FTDNA Comment: Splits the I-Z24071 branch, positive only for Y22478. New path = I-Y22486>I-Y22478>I-Z24071
mtDNA: H6c

Sample: VK22 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-13
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-A8462
mtDNA: T2b

Sample: VK23 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-9
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: U4a1a

Sample: VK24 / Faroe_AS34/Panum
Location: Hvalba, Faroes
Age: Viking 11th century
Y-DNA: R-FGC12948
mtDNA: J1b1a1a

Sample: VK25 / Faroe_1
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT381000
FTDNA Comment: Splits the R-BY11762 branch, positive for 5 variants ancestral for ~14, new path = R-A8041>R-BY11764>BY11762
mtDNA: H3a1a

Sample: VK27 / Faroe_10
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L513
mtDNA: U5a1g1

Sample: VK29 / Sweden_Skara 17
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-S7642
mtDNA: T2b3b

Sample: VK30 / Sweden_Skara 105
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S2857
mtDNA: U5b1c2b

Sample: VK31 / Sweden_Skara 194
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L21
mtDNA: I4a

Sample: VK34 / Sweden_Skara 135
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY111759
mtDNA: HV-T16311C!

Sample: VK35 / Sweden_Skara 118
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS4179
mtDNA: T2f1a1

Sample: VK39 / Sweden_Skara 181
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: G-Z1817
mtDNA: T2b4b

Sample: VK40 / Sweden_Skara 106
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY166438
FTDNA Comment: Shares 10 SNPs with a man with unknown origins (American) downstream of R-BY1701. New branch R-BY166438
mtDNA: T1a1

Sample: VK42 / Sweden_Skara 62
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: J-FGC32685
mtDNA: T2b11

Sample: VK44 / Faroe_17
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S658
mtDNA: H3a1a

Sample: VK45 / Faroe_18
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS8277
mtDNA: H3a1

Sample: VK46 / Faroe_19
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY202785
FTDNA Comment: Forms a branch with VK245 down of R-BY202785 (Z287). New branch = R-FT383000
mtDNA: H5

Sample: VK48 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-212/65
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC52679
mtDNA: H10e

Sample: VK50 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-53.64
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: I-Y22923
mtDNA: H1-T16189C!

Sample: VK51 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-88/64
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: N-L1026
mtDNA: U5b1e1

Sample: VK53 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-161/65
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: I-CTS10228
mtDNA: HV9b

Sample: VK57 / Gotland_Frojel-03601
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-L151
mtDNA: J1c6

Sample: VK60 / Gotland_Frojel-00702
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-YP1026
mtDNA: H13a1a1b

Sample: VK64 / Gotland_Frojel-03504
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY58559
mtDNA: I1a1

Sample: VK70 / Denmark_Tollemosegard-EW
Location: Tollemosegård, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Early Viking Late Germanic Iron Age/early Viking
Y-DNA: I-BY73576
mtDNA: H7d4

Sample: VK71 / Denmark_Tollemosegard-BU
Location: Tollemosegård, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Early Viking Late Germanic Iron Age/early Viking
Y-DNA: I-S22349
mtDNA: U5a1a

Sample: VK75 / Greenland late-0929
Location: V051, Western Settlement, Greenland
Age: Late Norse 1300 CE
Y-DNA: R-P310
mtDNA: H54

Sample: VK87 / Denmark_Hesselbjerg Grav 41b, sk PC
Location: Hesselbjerg, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 850-900 CE
Y-DNA: R-Z198
mtDNA: K1c2

Sample: VK95 / Iceland_127
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S658
mtDNA: H6a1a3a

Sample: VK98 / Iceland_083
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY3433
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-BY3430. Derived for 1 ancestral for 6. New path = I-BY3433>I-BY3430
mtDNA: T2b3b

Sample: VK101 / Iceland_125
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY110718
mtDNA: U5b1g

Sample: VK102 / Iceland_128
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Y96503
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch downstream of R-FGC23826. New branch = R-Y96503
mtDNA: J1c3f

Sample: VK110 / Iceland_115S
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC21682
mtDNA: H10-x

Sample: VK117 / Norway_Trondheim_SK328
Location: Trondheim, Nor_Mid, Norway
Age: Medieval 12-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S9257
mtDNA: H1a3a

Sample: VK123 / Iceland_X104
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Y130994
FTDNA Comment: Shares 17 SNPs with a man from the UAE. Creates a new branch downstream of R2-V1180. New branch = R-Y130994
mtDNA: J1c9

Sample: VK127 / Iceland_HDR08
Location: Hringsdalur, Iceland
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-BY92608
mtDNA: H3g1b

Sample: VK129 / Iceland_ING08
Location: Ingiridarstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-BY154143
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch downstream of R1a-YP275. New branch = R-BY154143
mtDNA: U5b1b1a

Sample: VK133 / Denmark_Galgedil KO
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 8-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Z8
mtDNA: K1a4a1a3

Sample: VK134 / Denmark_Galgedil ALZ
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY97519
mtDNA: H1cg

Sample: VK138 / Denmark_Galgedil AQQ
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S1491
mtDNA: T2b5

Sample: VK139 / Denmark_Galgedil ANG
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY32008
mtDNA: J1c3k

Sample: VK140 / Denmark_Galgedil PT
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: G-M201
mtDNA: H27f

Sample: VK143 / UK_Oxford_#7
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-Y13833
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-Y13816. Derived for 6 ancestral for 3. New path = R-Y13816>R-Y13833
mtDNA: U5b1b1-T16192C!

Sample: VK144 / UK_Oxford_#8
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-Y2592
mtDNA: V1a1

Sample: VK145 / UK_Oxford_#9
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-YP1708
mtDNA: H17

Sample: VK146 / UK_Oxford_#10
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-M6155
mtDNA: J1c3e1

Sample: VK147 / UK_Oxford_#11
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-Y75899
mtDNA: T1a1q

Sample: VK148 / UK_Oxford_#12
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: H6a1a

Sample: VK149 / UK_Oxford_#13
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: H1a1

Sample: VK150 / UK_Oxford_#14
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-FT4725
mtDNA: H1-C16239T

Sample: VK151 / UK_Oxford_#15
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-S19291
mtDNA: T2b4-T152C!

Sample: VK153 / Poland_Bodzia B1
Location: Bodzia, Poland
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M198
mtDNA: H1c3

Sample: VK156 / Poland_Bodzia B4
Location: Bodzia, Poland
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Y9081
mtDNA: J1c2c2a

Sample: VK157 / Poland_Bodzia B5
Location: Bodzia, Poland
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-S2077
mtDNA: H1c

Sample: VK159 / Russia_Pskov_7283-20
Location: Pskov, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-A7982
mtDNA: U2e2a1d

Sample: VK160 / Russia_Kurevanikka_7283-3
Location: Kurevanikha, Russia
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP1137
mtDNA: C4a1a-T195C!

Sample: VK163 / UK_Oxford_#1
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: U2e2a1a1

Sample: VK165 / UK_Oxford_#3
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-S18218
mtDNA: U4b1b1

Sample: VK166 / UK_Oxford_#4
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY67003
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-BY45170 (DF27). Derived for 2, ancestral for 7. New path = R-BY67003>R-BY45170
mtDNA: H3ag

Sample: VK167 / UK_Oxford_#5
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-BY34674
mtDNA: H4a1a4b

Sample: VK168 / UK_Oxford_#6
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-Z18
mtDNA: H4a1a4b

Sample: VK170 / Isle-of-Man_Balladoole
Location: Balladoole, IsleOfMan
Age: Viking 9-10th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S3201
mtDNA: HV9b

Sample: VK172 / UK_Oxford_#16
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-FT7019
mtDNA: I1a1e

Sample: VK173 / UK_Oxford_#17
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-FT13004
FTDNA Comment: Splits I2-FT12648, derived for 5, ancestral for 7. New path FT13004>FT12648
mtDNA: U5a1b-T16362C

Sample: VK174 / UK_Oxford_#18
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC17429
mtDNA: H1-C16239T

Sample: VK175 / UK_Oxford_#19
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-Y47841
FTDNA Comment: Shares 6 SNPs with man from Sweden down of R-BY38950 (R-Y47841)
mtDNA: H1a1

Sample: VK176 / UK_Oxford_#20
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: I-FT3562
mtDNA: H10

Sample: VK177 / UK_Oxford_#21
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-FT31867
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Greece. Forms a new branch downstream of R-BY220332 (U152). New branch = R-FT31867
mtDNA: H82

Sample: VK178 / UK_Oxford_#22
Location: St_John’s_College_Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
Age: Viking 880-1000 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY176639
FTDNA Comment: Links up with PGA3 (Personal Genome Project Austria) and FTDNA customer from Denmark. PGA and FTDNA customer formed a branch earlier this week, VK178 will join them at R-BY176639 (Under L48)
mtDNA: K2a5

Sample: VK179 / Greenland F2
Location: Ø029a, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Age: Early Norse 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-F3312
mtDNA: K1a3a

Sample: VK183 / Greenland F6
Location: Ø029a, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Age: Early Norse 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-F3312
mtDNA: T2b21

Sample: VK184 / Greenland F7
Location: Ø029a, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Age: Early Norse 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP4342
mtDNA: H4a1a4b

Sample: VK186 / Greenland KNK-[6]
Location: Ø64, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Age: Early Norse 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y79817
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Norway downstream of I-Y24625. New branch = I-Y79817
mtDNA: H1ao

Sample: VK190 / Greenland late-0996
Location: Ø149, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Age: Late Norse 1360 CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC15543
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-FGC15561. Derived 11 ancestral for 6. New path = I-FGC15543>I-FGC15561
mtDNA: K1a-T195C!

Sample: VK201 / Orkney_Buckquoy, sk M12
Location: Buckquoy_Birsay, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Age: Viking 5-6th century CE
Y-DNA: I-B293
mtDNA: H3k1a

Sample: VK202 / Orkney_Buckquoy, sk 7B
Location: Buckquoy_Birsay, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-A151
mtDNA: H1ai1

Sample: VK203 / Orkney_BY78, Ar. 1, sk 3
Location: Brough_Road_Birsay, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-BY10450
FTDNA Comment: FT83323-
mtDNA: H4a1a1a1a1

Sample: VK204 / Orkney_Newark for Brothwell
Location: Newark_Deerness, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-BY115469
mtDNA: H1m

Sample: VK205 / Orkney_Newark 68/12
Location: Newark_Deerness, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-YP4345
mtDNA: H3

Sample: VK210 / Poland_Kraków-Zakrzówek gr. 24
Location: Kraków, Poland
Age: Medieval 11-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Z16971
mtDNA: H5e1a1

Sample: VK211 / Poland_Cedynia gr. 435
Location: Cedynia, Poland
Age: Medieval 11-13 centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: W6

Sample: VK212 / Poland_Cedynia gr. 558
Location: Cedynia, Poland
Age: Viking 11-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS11962
mtDNA: H1-T152C!

Sample: VK215 / Denmark_Gerdrup-B; sk 1
Location: Gerdrup, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: J1c2k

Sample: VK217 / Sweden_Ljungbacka
Location: Ljungbacka, Malmo, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L151
mtDNA: J1b1b1

Sample: VK218 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-4
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY2848
mtDNA: H5

Sample: VK219 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-10
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y22024
mtDNA: T2b6a

Sample: VK220 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-11
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FT253975
FTDNA Comment: CTS2208+, BY47171-, CTS7676-, Y20288-, BY69785-, FT253975+
mtDNA: J2b1a

Sample: VK221 / Russia_Ladoga_5757-14
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 9-10th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y5473
mtDNA: K1d

Sample: VK223 / Russia_Gnezdovo 75-140
Location: Gnezdovo, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY67763
mtDNA: H13a1a1c

Sample: VK224 / Russia_Gnezdovo 78-249
Location: Gnezdovo, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-CTS2929
mtDNA: H7a1

Sample: VK225 / Iceland_A108
Location: Hofstadir, Iceland
Age: Viking 10-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY92608
mtDNA: H3v-T16093C

Sample: VK232 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-240.65
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-Y16505
FTDNA Comment: Speculative placement – U106+, but U106 (C>T) in ancient samples can be misleading. LAV010, NA34, I7779, ble007, R55 and EDM124 are all non-R ancient samples that are U106+. More conservative placement is at R-P310
mtDNA: N1a1a1

Sample: VK234 / Faroe_2
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT381000
FTDNA Comment: Same split as VK25. They share one marker FT381000 (26352237 T>G)
mtDNA: H3a1a

Sample: VK237 / Faroe_15
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S6355
mtDNA: J2a2c

Sample: VK238 / Faroe_4
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP396
mtDNA: H3a1a

Sample: VK239 / Faroe_5
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: H5

Sample: VK242 / Faroe_3
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S764
mtDNA: H3a1a

Sample: VK244 / Faroe_12
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS4179
mtDNA: H2a2a2

Sample: VK245 / Faroe_16
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY202785
FTDNA Comment: Forms a branch with VK46 down of R-BY202785 (Z287). New branch = R-FT383000
mtDNA: H3a1

Sample: VK248 / Faroe_22
Location: Church2, Faroes
Age: Early modern 16-17th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: H49a

Sample: VK251 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-30.64
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-M459
mtDNA: U5b1e1

Sample: VK256 / UK_Dorset-3722
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP5718
mtDNA: H1c7

Sample: VK257 / UK_Dorset-3723
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y19934
mtDNA: H5a1c1a

Sample: VK258 / UK_Dorset-3733
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP1395
FTDNA Comment: Shares 5 SNPs with a man from Norway. Forms a new branch down of R-YP1395. New branch = R-PH420
mtDNA: K1a4a1

Sample: VK259 / UK_Dorset-3734
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT20255
FTDNA Comment: Both VK449 and VK259 share 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of R-FT20255 (Z18). New branch = R-FT22694
mtDNA: I2

Sample: VK260 / UK_Dorset-3735
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: Q-BY77336
mtDNA: H1e1a

Sample: VK261 / UK_Dorset-3736
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY64643
mtDNA: H52

Sample: VK262 / UK_Dorset-3739
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FT347811
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with an American of unknown origins. Forms a new branch down of Y6908 (Z140). At the same time a new branch was discovered that groups this new Ancient/American branch with the established I-FT274828 branch. New ancient path = I-Y6908>I-FT273257>I-FT347811
mtDNA: J1c4

Sample: VK263 / UK_Dorset-3742
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Z16372
mtDNA: K1a4d

Sample: VK264 / UK_Dorset-3744
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY30937
mtDNA: N1a1a1a2

Sample: VK267 / Sweden_Karda 21
Location: Karda, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L23
mtDNA: T2b4b

Sample: VK268 / Sweden_Karda 22
Location: Karda, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: K1c1

Sample: VK269 / Sweden_Karda 24
Location: Karda, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: H1e1a

Sample: VK273 / Russia_Gnezdovo 77-255
Location: Gnezdovo, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY61747
mtDNA: U5a2a1b1

Sample: VK274 / Denmark_Kaargarden 391
Location: Kaagården, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-PH3519
mtDNA: T2b-T152C!

Sample: VK275 / Denmark_Kaargarden 217
Location: Kaagården, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY74743
mtDNA: H

Sample: VK279 / Denmark_Galgedil AXE
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y10639
mtDNA: I4a

Sample: VK280 / Denmark_Galgedil UO
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y3713
mtDNA: H11a

Sample: VK281 / Denmark_Barse Grav A
Location: Bårse, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC22153
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-Y5612 (P109). Derived for 8, ancestral for 2. New path = I-Y5612>I-Y5619
mtDNA: T2

Sample: VK282 / Denmark_Stengade I, LMR c195
Location: Stengade_I, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS1211
mtDNA: H4a1a4b

Sample: VK286 / Denmark_Bogovej Grav BJ
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-S10708
mtDNA: J1c-C16261T

Sample: VK287 / Denmark_Kaargarden Grav BS
Location: Kaagården, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-S22676
mtDNA: T2b

Sample: VK289 / Denmark_Bodkergarden Grav H, sk 1
Location: Bødkergarden, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: R-U106
mtDNA: J2b1a

Sample: VK290 / Denmark_Kumle Hoje Grav O
Location: Kumle_høje, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-FT264183
FTDNA Comment: Shares at least 4 SNPs with a man from Sweden, forming a new branch downstream R-FT263905 (U106). New branch = R-FT264183. HG02545 remains at R-FT263905
mtDNA: I1a1

Sample: VK291 / Denmark_Bodkergarden Grav D, sk 1
Location: Bødkergarden, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y20861
mtDNA: U5a1a2b

Sample: VK292 / Denmark_Bogovej Grav A.D.
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-M417
mtDNA: J1c2c1

Sample: VK295 / Denmark_Hessum sk 1
Location: Hessum, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y4738
mtDNA: T1a1

Sample: VK296 / Denmark_Hundstrup Mose sk 1
Location: Hundstrup_Mose, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Early Viking 660-780 CE
Y-DNA: I-S7660
mtDNA: HV6

Sample: VK297 / Denmark_Hundstrup Mose sk 2
Location: Hundstrup_Mose, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Early Viking 670-830 CE
Y-DNA: I-Y4051
mtDNA: J1c2h

Sample: VK301 / Denmark_Ladby Grav 4
Location: Ladby, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 640-890 CE
Y-DNA: I-FT105192
mtDNA: R0a2b

Sample: VK306 / Sweden_Skara 33
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FT115400
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 mutations with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of I-S19291. New branch = I-FT115400. VK151 has no coverage for 2 of these mutations
mtDNA: H15a1

Sample: VK308 / Sweden_Skara 101
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY33037
mtDNA: H1c

Sample: VK309 / Sweden_Skara 53
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP6189
mtDNA: K1b1c

Sample: VK313 / Denmark_Rantzausminde Grav 2
Location: Rantzausminde, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 850-900 CE
Y-DNA: R-JFS0009
mtDNA: H1b

Sample: VK315 / Denmark_Bakkendrup Grav 16
Location: Bakkendrup, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Viking 850-900 CE
Y-DNA: I-Y98280
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from the Netherlands. Forms a new branch downstream of I-Y37415 (P109). New branch = I-Y98280
mtDNA: T1a1b

Sample: VK316 / Denmark_Hessum sk II
Location: Hessum, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y130659
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-Y130594 (Z59). Derived for 1 ancestral for 6. New path = I-Y130659>I-Y130594>I-Y130747. Ancient sample STR_486 also belongs in this group, at I-Y130747
mtDNA: K1a4

Sample: VK317 / Denmark_Kaargarden Grav BF99
Location: Kaagården, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: J-BY62479
FTDNA Comment: Splits J2-BY62479 (M67). Derived for 9, ancestral for 3. New path = J-BY62479>J-BY72550
mtDNA: H2a2a1

Sample: VK320 / Denmark_Bogovej Grav S
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y103013
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of I-FT3562 (P109). New branch = I-Y103013
mtDNA: U5a1a1

Sample: VK323 / Denmark_Ribe 2
Location: Ribe, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S10185
mtDNA: K2a6

Sample: VK324 / Denmark_Ribe 3
Location: Ribe, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY16590
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-BY16590 (L47). Derived for 7, ancestral for 3. New path = R-S9742>R-BY16950
mtDNA: N1a1a1a2

Sample: VK326 / Denmark_Ribe 5
Location: Ribe, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Y52895
mtDNA: U5b1-T16189C!-T16192C!

Sample: VK327 / Denmark_Ribe 6
Location: Ribe, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY463
mtDNA: H6a1a5

Sample: VK329 / Denmark_Ribe 8
Location: Ribe, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S18894
mtDNA: H3-T152C!

Sample: VK332 / Oland_1088
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 858 ±68 CE
Y-DNA: I-S8522
FTDNA Comment: Possibly falls beneath I-BY195155. Shares one C>T mutation with a BY195155* sample
mtDNA: T2b24

Sample: VK333 / Oland_1028
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 885 ± 69 CE
Y-DNA: R-Z29034
mtDNA: H2a2a1

Sample: VK335 / Oland_1068
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY39347
FTDNA Comment: Shares 8 SNPs with a man from France. Forms a new branch down of R-BY39347 (U152). New branch = R-FT304388
mtDNA: K1b2a3

Sample: VK336 / Oland_1075
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 853 ± 67 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY106906
mtDNA: K2a3a

Sample: VK337 / Oland_1064
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 858 ± 68 CE
Y-DNA: I-BY31739
FTDNA Comment: Possible Z140
mtDNA: U5a1b3a

Sample: VK338 / Denmark_Bogovej Grav BV
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-A6707
mtDNA: W3a1

Sample: VK342 / Oland_1016
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY78615
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with a man from Finland. Forms a new branch down of I2-Y23710 (L801). New branch = I-BY78615
mtDNA: H2a1

Sample: VK343 / Oland_1021
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y7232
mtDNA: H3h

Sample: VK344 / Oland_1030
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY32357
mtDNA: J1c2t

Sample: VK345 / Oland_1045
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT148754
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-FT148754 (DF63). Derived for 8, ancestral for 6. New path = R-FT148796>R-FT148754
mtDNA: H4a1

Sample: VK346 / Oland_1057
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: J-Z8424
mtDNA: H2a2b

Sample: VK348 / Oland_1067
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Z171
mtDNA: T2b28

Sample: VK349 / Oland_1073
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 829 ± 57 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY166065
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with a man from England. Forms a branch down of R-BY166065 (L1066). New branch = R-BY167052
mtDNA: H1e2a

Sample: VK352 / Oland_1012
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC35755
FTDNA Comment: Possibly forms a branch down of I-Y15295. 2 possible G>A mutations with a I-Y15295* sample
mtDNA: H64

Sample: VK354 / Oland_1026
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 986 ± 38 CE
Y-DNA: R-S6752
mtDNA: H2a1

Sample: VK355 / Oland_1046
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 847 ± 65 CE
Y-DNA: L-L595
FTDNA Comment: Joins 2 other ancients on this rare branch. ASH087 and I2923
mtDNA: U5b1b1a

Sample: VK357 / Oland_1097
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 1053 ± 60 CE
Y-DNA: I-FT49567
FTDNA Comment: Shares 4 SNPs with a man from England. Forms a new branch down of I-A5952 (Z140). New branch = I-FT49567
mtDNA: J2b1a

Sample: VK362 / Denmark_Bogovej LMR 12077
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: E-CTS5856
FTDNA Comment: Possibly E-Z16663
mtDNA: V7b

Sample: VK363 / Denmark_Bogovej BT
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY198083
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with a man from Switzerland. Forms a new branch down of I-A1472 (Z140). New branch = I-BY198083
mtDNA: U4b1a1a1

Sample: VK365 / Denmark_Bogovej BS
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-BY34800
mtDNA: U8a2

Sample: VK367 / Denmark_Bogovej D
Location: Bogøvej, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY67827
FTDNA Comment: VK506 and VK367 split the I-BY67827 branch. Derived for 2 SNPs total. They also share one unique marker (26514336 G>C). New branches = I-Y16449>I-BY72774>I-FT382000
mtDNA: J1b1a1

Sample: VK369 / Denmark_Bakkendrup losfund-2, conc.1
Location: Bakkendrup, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Viking 850-900 CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC7556
FTDNA Comment: Shares 13 SNPs with an American. Forms a new branch down of R-FGC7556 (DF99). New branch = R-FT108043
mtDNA: H1a

Sample: VK373 / Denmark_Galgedil BER
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L20
mtDNA: J2b1a

Sample: VK379 / Oland_1077
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Early Viking 700 CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC22048
mtDNA: U3b1b

Sample: VK380 / Oland_1078
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y22923
mtDNA: H27

Sample: VK382 / Oland_1132
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Early Viking 700 CE
Y-DNA: I-L813
mtDNA: H3g1

Sample: VK384 / Denmark_Hesselbjerg Grav 14, sk EU
Location: Hesselbjerg, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Viking 850-900 CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC10249
mtDNA: H3g1

Sample: VK386 / Norway_Oppland 5305
Location: Oppland, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S695
mtDNA: J1b1a1

Sample: VK388 / Norway_Nordland 253
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 8-16th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y22507
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-Y22507. Derived for 1 ancestral for 5. New path = I-Y22504>I-Y22507
mtDNA: J1c5

Sample: VK389 / Norway_Telemark 3697
Location: Telemark, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-Z27210
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-Z27210 (U106). Derived for 1 ancestral for 2. New path = R-Y32857>R-Z27210
mtDNA: T2b

Sample: VK390 / Norway_Telemark 1648-A
Location: Telemark, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Iron Age 5-6th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT7019
mtDNA: K2a3

Sample: VK394 / Norway_Hedmark 4460
Location: Hedmark, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-YP5161
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from Denmark. Forms a new branch down of R-YP5161 (L448). New branch = R-BY186623
mtDNA: H13a1a1a

Sample: VK395 / Sweden_Skara 275
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-BY21973
mtDNA: X2c1

Sample: VK396 / Sweden_Skara 166
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY18970
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-BY18970 (DF98). Derived for 2, ancestral for 4 (BY18964+?). New path = R-BY18973>R-BY18970
mtDNA: J1c2t

Sample: VK397 / Sweden_Skara 237
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S7759
mtDNA: J1b1a1

Sample: VK398 / Sweden_Skara 231
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: T-BY215080
mtDNA: H1b1-T16362C

Sample: VK399 / Sweden_Skara 276
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-FGC14542
mtDNA: H4a1a1a

Sample: VK400 / Sweden_Skara 236
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC21682
mtDNA: H1-C16239T

Sample: VK401 / Sweden_Skara 229
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP5155
FTDNA Comment: Splits R-YP5155. Derived for 4, ancestral for 1. New path = R-YP5155>R-Y29963
mtDNA: H2a2b

Sample: VK403 / Sweden_Skara 217
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY3222
mtDNA: K1a4a1a2b

Sample: VK404 / Sweden_Skara 277
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY55382
FTDNA Comment: Shares 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of I-BY55382 (L22). New branch = I-BY108664
mtDNA: U4a2

Sample: VK405 / Sweden_Skara 83
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-L21
mtDNA: K1a10

Sample: VK406 / Sweden_Skara 203
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-Y7795
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of N-Y7795. New branch = N-FT381631
mtDNA: K1a4a1

Sample: VK407 / Sweden_Skara 274
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y18232
mtDNA: H1c21

Sample: VK408 / Russia_Ladoga_5757-18
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS11962
mtDNA: H74

Sample: VK409 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-14
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-DF29
mtDNA: H3h

Sample: VK410 / Russia_Ladoga_5680-15
Location: Ladoga, Russia
Age: Viking 11-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: X2b-T226C

Sample: VK411 / Denmark_Galgedil TT
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: H1a1

Sample: VK414 / Norway_Oppland 1517
Location: Oppland, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-PH12
FTDNA Comment: Splits R1a-PH12. Derived for 2, ancestral for 1. New path R-Y66214>R-PH12
mtDNA: H6a1a

Sample: VK418 / Norway_Nordland 1502
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Iron Age 4th century CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS5533
mtDNA: J1c2c1

Sample: VK419 / Norway_Nordland 1522
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 6-10th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-S9378
FTDNA Comment: Shares 2 SNPs with a man from France. Forms a new branch down of N-S9378 (L550). New branch = N-BY160234
mtDNA: U5b1b1g1

Sample: VK420 / Norway_Hedmark 2813
Location: Hedmark, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 8-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC15560
FTDNA Comment: Shares 8 SNPs with an American man. Forms a new branch down of I-BY158446. New branch = I-FT118954
mtDNA: I4a

Sample: VK421 / Norway_Oppland 3777
Location: Oppland, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M198
mtDNA: U5b2c2b

Sample: VK422 / Norway_Hedmark 4304
Location: Hedmark, Nor_South, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-YP390
mtDNA: J1b1a1a

Sample: VK424 / Sweden_Skara 273
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: K2b1a1

Sample: VK425 / Sweden_Skara 44
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Z331
mtDNA: U3a1

Sample: VK426 / Sweden_Skara 216
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-M269
mtDNA: U6a1a1

Sample: VK427 / Sweden_Skara 209
Location: Varnhem, Skara, Sweden
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Y5362
mtDNA: K1a4

Sample: VK430 / Gotland_Frojel-00502
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: N-S18447
mtDNA: T1a1b

Sample: VK431 / Gotland_Frojel-00487A
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-P312
mtDNA: H2a1

Sample: VK438 / Gotland_Frojel-04498
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS11962
mtDNA: H1

Sample: VK443 / Oland_1101
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-A20404
mtDNA: U5b2b5

Sample: VK444 / Oland_1059
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 847 ± 65 CE
Y-DNA: R-PH1477
mtDNA: K1a

Sample: VK445 / Denmark_Gl Lejre-A1896
Location: Gl._Lejre, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-Z2040
mtDNA: U3b

Sample: VK446 / Denmark_Galgedil LS
Location: Galgedil, Funen, Denmark
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY19383
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from England. Forms a new branch down of I-BY19383 (Z2041). New branch = I-BY94803
mtDNA: U5a1a1-T16362C

Sample: VK449 / UK_Dorset-3746
Location: Ridgeway_Hill_Mass_Grave_Dorset, Dorset, England, UK
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FT20255
FTDNA Comment: Both VK449 and VK259 share 3 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of R-FT20255 (Z18). New branch = R-FT22694
mtDNA: H6a2a

Sample: VK452 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-111
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS11962
mtDNA: T2b

Sample: VK453 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-134
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-YP256
mtDNA: H8c

Sample: VK461 / Gotland_Frojel-025A89
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: N-Y5005
FTDNA Comment: Possibly down of Y15161. Shares 2 C>T mutations with a Y15161* kit
mtDNA: H7b

Sample: VK463 / Gotland_Frojel-019A89
Location: Frojel, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-Y13467
mtDNA: H1b5

Sample: VK466 / Russia_Gnezdovo 77-222
Location: Gnezdovo, Russia
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-PF6162
mtDNA: H6a1a4

Sample: VK468 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-235
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY125166
mtDNA: H1a1

Sample: VK469 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-260
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC17230
mtDNA: H3ac

Sample: VK471 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-63
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-M417
mtDNA: H1m

Sample: VK473 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-126
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: I-S14887
mtDNA: N1a1a1a1

Sample: VK474 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-137
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: E-Y4971
FTDNA Comment: Possible E-Y4972 (Shares 1 G>A mutation with a E-Y4972* sample)
mtDNA: J1d

Sample: VK475 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-187
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: R-BY27605
mtDNA: H1a

Sample: VK479 / Gotland_Kopparsvik-272
Location: Kopparsvik, Gotland, Sweden
Age: Viking 900-1050 CE
Y-DNA: G-Y106451
mtDNA: H1a1

Sample: VK480 / Estonia_Salme_II-E
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-YP617
mtDNA: U4a2a1

Sample: VK481 / Estonia_Salme_II-F
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-FGC14542
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of N-FGC14542. New branch = N–BY149019. VK399 possibly groups with these two as well
mtDNA: T2a1a

Sample: VK482 / Estonia_Salme_II-P
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-SK1234
mtDNA: H1a

Sample: VK483 / Estonia_Salme_II-V
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y141089
FTDNA Comment: Said to be brother of VK497 at I-BY86407 which is compatible with this placement, although no further Y-SNP evidence exists due to low coverage
mtDNA: H16

Sample: VK484 / Estonia_Salme_II-Q
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-FT103482
FTDNA Comment: VK484 and VK486 both split R-FT103482 (Z283). Derived for 9 ancestral for 6. New path = R-FT104609>R-FT103482
mtDNA: H6a1a

Sample: VK485 / Estonia_Salme_II-O
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY266
FTDNA Comment: Said to be brother of VK497 at I-BY86407 which is compatible with this placement, although no further Y-SNP evidence exists due to low coverage
mtDNA: H16

Sample: VK486 / Estonia_Salme_II-G
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-FT103482
FTDNA Comment: VK484 and VK486 both split R-FT103482 (Z283). Derived for 9 ancestral for 6. New path = R-FT104609>R-FT103482
mtDNA: U4a2a

Sample: VK487 / Estonia_Salme_II-A
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-YP4932
FTDNA Comment: Joins ancient Estonian samples V9 and X14
mtDNA: H17a2

Sample: VK488 / Estonia_Salme_II-H
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-L813
mtDNA: H5c

Sample: VK489 / Estonia_Salme_II-Ä
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-Y21546
mtDNA: T2e1

Sample: VK490 / Estonia_Salme_II-N
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC8677
FTDNA Comment: Said to be brother of VK497 at I-BY86407 which is compatible with this placement, although no further Y-SNP evidence exists due to low coverage
mtDNA: H16

Sample: VK491 / Estonia_Salme_II-Õ
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y141089
mtDNA: H6a1a

Sample: VK492 / Estonia_Salme_II-B
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Z73
mtDNA: H1b5

Sample: VK493 / Estonia_Salme_II-Š
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-S6353
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from Finland. Forms a new branch down of R-S6353. New branch = R-BY166432
mtDNA: H2a2a1

Sample: VK494 / Poland_Sandomierz 1/13
Location: Sandomierz, Poland
Age: Viking 10-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY25698
mtDNA: X2c2

Sample: VK495 / Estonia_Salme_II-C
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY98617
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from Romania. Forms a branch down of I-BY98617 (L22). New branch = I-FT373923
mtDNA: H1b

Sample: VK496 / Estonia_Salme_II-W
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY198216
mtDNA: H1a

Sample: VK497 / Estonia_Salme_II-Ö
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY86407
mtDNA: H16

Sample: VK498 / Estonia_Salme_II-Z
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-S6752
mtDNA: H1q

Sample: VK504 / Estonia_Salme_I-1
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-S23232
mtDNA: H28a

Sample: VK505 / Estonia_Salme_I-2
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-Y30126
mtDNA: J1b1a1b

Sample: VK506 / Estonia_Salme_I-3
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-BY67827
FTDNA Comment: VK506 and VK367 split the I-BY67827 branch. Derived for 2 SNPs total. They also share one unique marker (26514336 G>C). New branches = I-Y16449>I-BY72774>I-FT382000
mtDNA: J1c2

Sample: VK507 / Estonia_Salme_I-4
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-CTS8407
FTDNA Comment: Shares 1 SNP with a man from Denmark. Forms a branch down of I-CTS8407 (P109). New branch = I-BY56459
mtDNA: HV6

Sample: VK508 / Estonia_Salme_I-5
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-Y10933
mtDNA: J1c5

Sample: VK509 / Estonia_Salme_I-6
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y36105
mtDNA: H1n-T146C!

Sample: VK510 / Estonia_Salme_I-7
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y19932
FTDNA Comment: Shares 8 SNPs with a man from Russia. Creates a new branch down of I-Y19932 (L22). New branch = I-BY60851
mtDNA: H10e

Sample: VK511 / Estonia_Salme_II-X
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Y132154
mtDNA: T2a1a

Sample: VK512 / Estonia_Salme_II-Ü
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-Y21546
mtDNA: H2a2b1

Sample: VK513 / Greenland F8
Location: Ø029, East_Settlement, Greenland
Age: Early Norse 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-S2886
mtDNA: J1c1b

Sample: VK514 / Norway_Nordland 5195
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 6-10th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-YP4963
mtDNA: K2b1a1

Sample: VK515 / Norway_Nordland 4512
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC8677
mtDNA: H52

Sample: VK516 / Norway_Sor-Trondelag 4481
Location: Sor-Trondelag, Nor_Mid, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS8746
mtDNA: H6a1a

Sample: VK517 / Sweden_Uppsala_UM36031_623b
Location: Skämsta, Uppsala, Sweden
Age: Viking 11th century
Y-DNA: I-BY78615
mtDNA: J1c3f

Sample: VK519 / Norway_Nordland 4691b
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 6-10th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: HV0a1

Sample: VK521 / Sol941 Grav900 Brondsager Torsiinre
Location: Brondsager_Torsiinre, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Iron Age 300 CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC43065
mtDNA: H16b

Sample: VK524 / Norway_Nordland 3708
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 10th century CE
Y-DNA: I-M6155
mtDNA: HV0a1

Sample: VK528 / Norway_Troms 4049
Location: Troms, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 8-9th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-BY135243
mtDNA: K1a4a1b

Sample: VK529 / Norway_Nordland 642
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 8-9th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY106963
mtDNA: H7

Sample: VK531 / Norway_Troms 5001A
Location: Troms, Nor_North, Norway
Age: LNBA 2400 BC
Y-DNA: R-Y13202
mtDNA: U2e2a

Sample: VK532 / Kragehave Odetofter XL718
Location: Kragehave Odetofter, Sealand, Denmark
Age: Iron Age 100 CE
Y-DNA: I-S26361
FTDNA Comment: Shares 5 SNPs with a man from Sweden. Forms a new branch down of I-S26361 (Z2041). New branch = I-FT273387
mtDNA: U2e2a1a

Sample: VK533 / Oland 1076 28364 35
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Viking 9-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: N-BY21933
FTDNA Comment: Splits N-BY21933 (L550). Derived for 1 ancestral for 13. New path = N-BY29005>N-BY21933
mtDNA: H13a1a1e

Sample: VK534 / Italy_Foggia-869
Location: San_Lorenzo, Foggia, Italy
Age: Medieval 11-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-FGC71023
mtDNA: H1

Sample: VK535 / Italy_Foggia-891
Location: San_Lorenzo, Foggia, Italy
Age: Medieval 12-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-Z2109
mtDNA: T1a5

Sample: VK538 / Italy_Foggia-1249
Location: Cancarro, Foggia, Italy
Age: Medieval 11-13th centuries CE
Y-DNA: L-Z5931
mtDNA: H-C16291T

Sample: VK539 / Ukraine_Shestovitsa-8870-97
Location: Shestovitsa, Ukraine
Age: Viking 10-12th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-BY61100
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-BY61100 (Z2041). Derived for 5 ancestral for 3. New path I-BY65928>I-BY61100
mtDNA: V

Sample: VK541 / Ukraine_Lutsk
Location: Lutsk, Ukraine
Age: Medieval 13th century
Y-DNA: R-YP593
mtDNA: H7

Sample: VK542 / Ukraine_Chernigov
Location: Chernigov, Ukraine
Age: Viking 11th century
Y-DNA: I-S20602
mtDNA: H5a2a

Sample: VK543 / Ireland_EP55
Location: Eyrephort, Ireland
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: R-S2895
mtDNA: I2

Sample: VK545 / Ireland_SSG12
Location: Ship_Street_Great, Dublin, Ireland
Age: Viking 7-9th centuries CE
Y-DNA: R-DF105
mtDNA: H1bb

Sample: VK546 / Ireland_08E693
Location: Islandbridge, Dublin, Ireland
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: R-L448
mtDNA: HV6

Sample: VK547 / Norway_Nordland 4727
Location: Nordland, Nor_North, Norway
Age: Viking 8-11th centuries CE
Y-DNA: I-FT8660
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-FT8660 (L813) Derived for 3, ancestral for 3. New path = I-FT8660>I-FT8457
mtDNA: V

Sample: VK549 / Estonia_Salme_II-J
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-P109
mtDNA: T2b5a

Sample: VK550 / Estonia_Salme_II-D
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: N-Y4706
mtDNA: V

Sample: VK551 / Estonia_Salme_II-U
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: R-CTS4179
mtDNA: J2a1a1a2

Sample: VK552 / Estonia_Salme_II-K
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Z2900
mtDNA: H10e

Sample: VK553 / Estonia_Salme_II-M
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-FGC22026
FTDNA Comment: Splits I-FGC22026. Derived for 1, ancestral for 7. New path = I-FGC22035>I-FGC22026
mtDNA: K1c1h

Sample: VK554 / Estonia_Salme_II-L
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-M253
mtDNA: W6a

Sample: VK555 / Estonia_Salme_II-I
Location: Salme, Saaremaa, Estonia
Age: Early Viking 8th century CE
Y-DNA: I-Z73
mtDNA: U3b1b

Sample: VK579 / Oland 1099 1785/67 35
Location: Oland, Sweden
Age: Iron Age 200-400 CE
Y-DNA: N-L550
mtDNA: H1s

Sample: VK582 / SBM1028 ALKEN ENGE 2013, X2244
Location: Alken_Enge, Jutland, Denmark
Age: Iron Age 1st century CE
Y-DNA: I-L801
mtDNA: H6a1b3

Update History:

9-17-2020 – updated 3 times, approximately one-third complete
9-18-2020 – updated in afternoon with another 124 analyzed
9-19-2020 – updated with 142 analyzed
9-21-2020 – updates with 240 analyzed – only 60 to go!
9-22-2020 – last update – A total of 285 entries analyzed and placed on the FTDNA tree where appropriate. 15 were too low quality or low coverage for a reliable haplogroup call, so they were excluded.

____________________________________________________________

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203 thoughts on “442 Ancient Viking Skeletons Hold DNA Surprises – Does Your Y or Mitochondrial DNA Match? Daily Updates Here!”

Heidi A. Karow on September 18, 2020 at 1:19 am said:

That was fun to read. I have T2b5 for my mtDNA. I don’t know if that makes me part Viking or not. My earliest ancestor on that line is an East Frisian woman born in 1734. I certainly don’t identify with Vikings despite also being part Swedish somehow (then I again I noted that 10% estimate for Swedes! Not SO Viking after all. Hmm.). I do like a lot of things Scandinavians like though… including Ikea and crime thrillers! (I’m also part Jewish somehow… all that mixing happened in Europe. I am the daughter of North American immigrants.)

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Mark Deutsch on September 18, 2020 at 1:36 am said:

Just a word of caution on the Russian samples, if they are indeed from the 10th to 12th centuries. at Lagoda. Rurik established his “Viking” dynasty in what is now Novgorod in the 9th century, quite some time before the dates mentioned. From his Wikipedia article: “According to the entries in the Radzivil and Hypatian Chronicles[4] under the years 862–864, Rurik’s first residence was in Ladoga.” and “it was apparent that the old settlement stretched to the mid-8th century and the excavated objects were mostly of Finno-Ugric and Slavic origin, also dated to the mid-8th century, which showed the settlement was not Scandinavian from the beginning.”

Once established, his ruling elite followers thereafter integrated with the local Finnic and Slavic populations to such an extent that what may have been originally “Viking” first became Rus and finally Russian. I would think the study’s determination of what was a “Viking” burial was definitively confirmed by archeologists, and even then some of the “locals” may have acquired the objects unearthed at the burial sites.

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Candy on September 18, 2020 at 2:56 am said:

Hi Roberta, Thank you very much for this wonderful blog! It sure is great news! My Mum’s mtDNA is T2b, so lovely to see it listed on this webpage. Dad’s is K1a4a1, but it only appears on your webpage as K1a4a1a3, so does that include his K1a4a1? Sadly, his Y didn’t get a mention. Thanks in advance.

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- Roberta Estes on September 18, 2020 at 4:12 am said:
  
  The ancient DNA is two branches further downstream. So yes, they do share an ancestor. Isn’t that interesting?!!
  
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  - Candy on September 18, 2020 at 10:43 pm said:
    
    Thanks. Yes, I know they share an ancestor. What I meant was, does it mean that his K1a4a1 includes the same Viking mtDNA as the K1a4a1a3 on this webpage?
    
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    - Roberta Estes on September 18, 2020 at 11:58 pm said:
      
      It means they both descend from a common ancestor. K1a4a1 is upstream of the Viking, so their common ancestor is before the Viking lived.
      
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      - Candy on September 19, 2020 at 1:26 am said:
        
        Roberta, thanks so much for your clarification. Please excuse my ignorance, I’m learning some of this in between life events happening. I just clicked on something on dad’s Y haplogroup R-BY65001 and the hyperlink opened the side panel which showed R-M269 and that appears a few times in your blog. Cheers, Candy
        
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- Tim on September 18, 2020 at 9:00 pm said:
  
  Hi Candy, my dad’s mtDNA is T2b. So somewhere in time they share a mom. I have no information about his matrilineal line beyond his grandmother. Just wanted to share.
  
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  - Candy on September 19, 2020 at 1:11 am said:
    
    Hi Tim, that’s cool! We’re back to my 5x GGM on the mtDNA line, she was born in Bristol but the family names are extremely common and Welsh, so I’ve not succeeded in finding their baptism in Wales but we’re still working on it intermittently. Have you joined the T2b project group on FTDNA?
    
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    - Tim on September 20, 2020 at 12:36 am said:
      
      Hi Candy, yes my dad’s kit is part of the T2b project. His grandmother’s surname is Doroski. Human migration is amazing!
      
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Sue Hassenmiller on September 18, 2020 at 4:21 am said:

Very Interesting. I found a match for my mtDNA-H1a3a The match is to Sample YK117/ Norway_Trondham. Medieval 12-13 century. I have traced my mother’s line back to 1689 in Skane area of Sweden, which only Ancestry notes in any of my ethnicity reports. With both great grandparents from Sweden, maybe I am a Viking.

It was sure nice to meet and talk to you, both in Amsterdam and at the FH Library during Rootstech. I know since you can’t see my face, my name will not register but I really learn a lot from your lectures and blog. Stay safe.

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- Roberta Estes on September 18, 2020 at 5:36 am said:
  
  I’m so glad you found a match. Someplace the two of you share a common ancestor. What fun. I hope to see you again soon. Post-pandemic.
  
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Debra Holmes Ghigna on September 18, 2020 at 5:35 am said:

Thank you for posting this interesting article. I’m J1c2, and would love to learn more.

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EJ Blom on September 18, 2020 at 6:54 am said:

R-M269 yes I am a viking! I’ve always known! My mom’s line, T2b13, almost a viking 🙂

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Maurice Gleeson on September 18, 2020 at 7:28 am said:

An easy way to find the SNP Sequence is to use Rob Spencer’s Admin Utilities tool (first search box). You can also compare to SNPs and find the common ancestor SNP (second search box). I use this all the time because it is super fast and easy to use … http://scaledinnovation.com/gg/adminUtils.html

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Fern on September 18, 2020 at 8:17 am said:

Surprised – and delighted – to see my J1b1a1 (Hvalba, Faroes) listed, and my brother’s G-M201 (Galgedil, Funen, Denmark) 😊

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Sheryl LeSage on September 18, 2020 at 1:06 pm said:

Cool: My mtDNA is J1c3b1a, and I see a Greenland burial who had J1c3b–given that we don’t know how recently those two last letters in my subclade developed, I’m claiming this dude as a relative. Greetings, Uncle Hroarr! 🙂

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- Dylan (pseudonym) on May 22, 2022 at 7:51 am said:
  
  Looks like we’re cousins somewhere along the line as that’s my mtDNA as well. Aluu!
  
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LG_Price on September 18, 2020 at 2:33 pm said:

no MT-DNA match here – I am h1u1, but it is interesting that all the H1–‘s are H1a-.

thanks for sharing this.

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Raf Ceustermans on September 18, 2020 at 3:24 pm said:

Hi Roberta, thanks for this analysis. In the past FTDNA never added aDNA samples to the tree. Will they now also add previously published samples from other studies and continue adding new samples from future studies? Or is this a one-time event? Will they also add samples from other scientific, non-adna studies, like 1k Genomes?
If so so this would be a great addition to the tree!

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- Roberta Estes on September 18, 2020 at 11:59 pm said:
  
  I’m not sure. I hope so. I know several have already been added.
  
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Tom on September 18, 2020 at 9:16 pm said:

I’m a DNA novice. My Y haplogroup is R-M198, which matches sample VK153 / Poland_Bodzia B1. Aside from sharing DNA with an ancient Viking, does it tell me anything more specific? I couldn’t follow how in the article one gets to “the intersecting SNP is DF29, roughly 52 SNP generations in the past.”

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- Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 12:00 am said:
  
  M198 is pretty far up in the tree. You do share an ancestor someplace in the past.
  
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- annalenasan on September 27, 2020 at 6:28 am said:
  
  Yes me and my father too!
  
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Wade Kotter on September 19, 2020 at 12:57 am said:

Roberta, I believe the date given in your post for sample VK201 is incorrect. I quote from the supplemental file that accompanies the article (see link below):

“VK201 was an earlier, Pictish, unaccompanied long cist burial of an adult male dated to 404 – 596 cal CE”

The date you give applies to sample VK201, taken from remains found in a different and much later burial at the site.

The source cited for this information is:

Ashmore, P. J. “Orkney burials in the first millennium AD.” (Pinkfoot Press, 2003).

The supplemental file, which provides details on each archaeological site, is available here:

https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2688-8/MediaObjects/41586_2020_2688_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

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- Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 3:47 am said:
  
  I will ask the research department to take a look. Thank you.
  
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  - Wade Kotter on September 19, 2020 at 4:03 am said:
    
    Just FYI, the passage I quoted is on the bottom of the 56th page (the pages are unnumbered) in the supplemental for available at the link I gave.
    
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    - Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 4:38 am said:
      
      Thank you.
      
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- Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 11:12 pm said:
  
  This is the spreadsheet they used. Table S1. The research department says you may be referring to another analysis by a different research team. Here’s the link to what they downloaded and used. https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2688-8/MediaObjects/41586_2020_2688_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx
  
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  - Wade Kotter on September 20, 2020 at 1:42 pm said:
    
    Roberta, you can ignore my last comment. I will be submitting information on this potential error directly to the authors of the study. which I probably should have done in the first place.
    
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    - Wade Kotter on September 23, 2020 at 1:36 pm said:
      
      I just received the following message from Ashot Margaryan regarding the date of sample VK201:
      
      Dear Wade,
      
      Thanks for the thumbs up regarding the Viking paper and for carefully checking the details in the supplement.
      I’ve contacted the relevant archaeologists from Orkney and they checked the dates. You are right, the VK201 should be 5-6th century AD as it is mentioned in the Supplementary information. We will have to change the date in the Supplementary table which we obviously missed. We’ll write to Nature and let them know.
      Thanks again for contacting us about this!
      
      All the best,
      Ashot
      
      _________________
      Ashot Margaryan
      Assistant professor, PhD
      
      Section of EvoGenomics
      GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
      University of Copenhagen
      Øster Farimagsgade 5, CSS building 7, 2nd floor
      1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
      Tel.: +45 42 25 71 45 (mobile)
      https://globe.ku.dk/
      
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      - Roberta Estes on September 23, 2020 at 2:23 pm said:
        
        Thank you.
        
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- johnkbrazilJohn Brazil on September 30, 2020 at 3:04 pm said:
  
  Thanks for this Wade and Roberta. VK201 and VK202 were found in Buckquoy, Birsay in Orkney albeit separated by hundreds of years. But I am especially interested in VK202 who was R-A151 which is a haplotype associated with Munster in the south of Ireland and potentially with the Uí Liatháin from east Cork who were ‘straying’ across the Irish Sea to west Wales in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. The ring pin he was buried with was apparently a popular Hiberno-Norse design reinforcing the Irish connections. And R-A151 is also associated with the MacAulays of Lewis and Harris (not too far from Orkney?) and a small number of men with more recent Scandinavian origins.
  
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Laurel Farrar on September 19, 2020 at 2:02 am said:

Fascinating, Roberta!! My mtDNA haplogroup is I4a, and I see two so far. My husband also has a distant match: he tested Big Y, and his is 9 branches downstream from R-M198. I think I said that right. Quite a good distraction during these worrisome times! We’re reminded that life does go on….:)

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Caith on September 19, 2020 at 11:07 am said:

Fascinating. Thank you! Thank you! Yor are a JEWEL to share this.

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Caith on September 19, 2020 at 4:47 pm said:

So, looks like I got a double dose. My paternal grandmother’s mtDna is *** J1c8.

My full sequence mtDna is U3a1b, and the U3 is listed.

I have visited Lindisfarne Priory on Holy Island in NE England, near the Scottish border. It was an emotional experience. Guess somewhere in my dna, my soul knew my Viking ancestors had been there. “We are, who they were.”

***My grandmother was born 1889. How did I get her mtDna? My 1C1R tested at 23 and got the partial J1c8. He is male, but it was his mother to grandmother to great grandmother, who is MY grandmother. There is more than one way to get from here to there.

Roberta, learning this is an extraordinary highlight of my genealogy experience! Look forward to hearing more updates.

Thank you again.

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Marilyn_Kenyon on September 19, 2020 at 7:25 pm said:

Close but no cigar –

My uncle’s Big Y shows him to be I – P215. The Russian Viking sample showing I-M253 was negative. These were the two branches below I-M170.

It was interesting none-the-less just seeing the results for the branch he didn’t match. They both came from I-M170. So close.

By the way, do you know what is going on with Ancestry? They started having problems with the website last night. I called today. I was told they couldn’t get onto the website (?)

Yikes! No estimated time as to when the site will be restored. Was it hacked?

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- Wade Kotter on September 20, 2020 at 1:31 pm said:
  
  No problem with Ancestry at 7:30 am MDT in the U.S., Sunday morning, 20 Sep.
  
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unfairbutbalanced on September 19, 2020 at 9:15 pm said:

I think that its very easy to misinterpret this data. As of 5pm 9/19, there were 124 samples with 109 unique Y-STR haplogroups. Of these, 44 (35%) were Haplogroup I and 71 (57%) were Haplogroup R. While its not easy to determine the R1a vs R1b split, it is very clear that the R1b SNPs M269, L21, M198, S764 do not define Vikings. A L21 Celt may have been a viking but not all L21’s samples are vikings.

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- Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 11:17 pm said:
  
  I don’t think all of anything is Viking. The eye-opening information here is that there is a lot more R than could be expected since, for the most part, it’s been understood that Viking DNA was primarily I, but of course not all I was Viking.
  
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- Christopher Schuetz on September 21, 2020 at 10:49 pm said:
  
  That’s exactly the line of commentary that came out around this article, both now and a year ago when it came out as a pre-print. The point is that the Vikings took many slaves back to their homeland. That changed the genetic mix a little.
  History and genetics go hand in hand here.
  And the authors themselves have been careful to raise that.
  It’s R1b that is especially likely to come from outside: 20 years ago with the first DNA studies, no one knew whether some R1b had gone there from say Scotland, or whether the flow was the reverse.
  Increasingly the evidence suggests that most and maybe almost all of the R1b came to Norway and Sweden from elsewhere – some as slaves, some as traders.
  
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Jason George on September 19, 2020 at 9:54 pm said:

Thanks for this! I recently did my BigY Test through FTDNA and my verified haplogroup is R-FT28897 and my mtDNA test revealed that my maternal haplogroup is K2a6. If I followed the directions correctly and looked upstream on my SNPs I didn’t have to look far to find a connection (R-S764) popped up on VK242 also saw connections farther upstream at R-L21, R-L151, R-L23, and R-M269 (mostly all from Sweden with one match from Denmark & Poland. Looks like maybe there is a match on Mothers side at K2? Not sure if I am approaching this correctly, still new to all of this, but I think I followed the instructions correctly and was excited to see the matches upstream. So what do I do next?

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- Roberta Estes on September 19, 2020 at 11:19 pm said:
  
  Not much to do, per se, since you’ve done the Big Y already. It’s just interesting to understand ancient connections and, for me, I view history and the world a bit differently. More connected beyond what genealogy itself can tell me.
  
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Gene Major on September 20, 2020 at 2:09 am said:

Thanks for putting this together, Roberta. Was able to download/read the original Nature article, too. My MtDNA is U5b1c2b, which exactly matches sample VK30.

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JC (Max) Wilkinson on September 20, 2020 at 3:23 pm said:

Great stuff, thanks for posting this. Please stay with it through completion of all the samples. I saw Margaryan et al.’s study last year and it was a real breakthrough for me because it finally made my multiple Hebridean/Ulster U152>L20 AND 1x Danish matches make sense. Aha, we were Norse-Gaels. I know there are at least 2x R-L20 in the sample set (or at least there were when the report was first published) but I don’t see them here yet. Several aren’t refined beyond M269 and L151, do you know if that is the limit of analysis for those samples or might they be more refined later?

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- JC (Max) Wilkinson on September 20, 2020 at 3:27 pm said:
  
  My BigY has two public SNPs downstream from L20, they are BY69713 and FT20578 (the latter being my current terminal). But there are around 16+ private SNPs in both “blocks”.
  
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- Roberta Estes on September 20, 2020 at 3:28 pm said:
  
  Some are still being analyzed. Check back.
  
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- Paul on January 11, 2021 at 8:05 pm said:
  
  I am also L20…my paternal family lived in Yorkshire back to circa 1600. Do you think L20 may be a Viking haplogroup?
  
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  - J.C. (Max) Wilkinson on February 18, 2021 at 8:16 pm said:
    
    I believe R-L20 was clearly among the Viking paternal lines. When, where and how is unclear, but there are 3x R-L20 samples in the Margaryan remains. All from Denmark: VK286, VK326, and VK373.
    
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Mike G. on September 20, 2020 at 8:22 pm said:

Well that was cool – I have a mtDNA: T2b24 match with Sample: VK332 / Oland_1088 Location: Oland, Sweden

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Mike Ackley on September 20, 2020 at 10:36 pm said:

Thank you for sharing this data Roberta, and thanks to FTDNA for allowing you to do so. This is pretty exciting for me and members of the Ackley surname project. Two of us have done Big Y testing and 3 others have done SNP testing that place us at R-FGC52286, which is just a couple steps below R-BY10450, which is the haplogroup for VK203, who was found in the Orkney Islands.

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Joan on September 21, 2020 at 1:08 am said:

I was pleasantly surprised to find a sister-branch to my J1b1a. There’s a sample with J1b1a1a from Hvalba, Faroes. My maternal line goes back to Helston, Cornwall 1790. I’m figuring that a Celtic woman with this haplogroup was brought back with the Vikings.

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R Baker on September 21, 2020 at 4:57 am said:

I share mtDNA with two of the St. Johns College samples, H1a1. Interestingly, that is also the haplogroup of a Mayflower immigrant, Joan Hurst. FTDNA has given me a Mayflower Descendant badge, but I’m not. Apparently, Joan Hurst and I share an earlier common ancestor, as do these two Viking men. The largest cluster of my present day exact matches is in Scandinavia, so it’s interesting to see this example of the haplogroup making its way to Britain. The two Viking samples share the same mtDNA, but they do not share Y DNA with each other, which I also thought interesting.

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- Roberta Estes on September 21, 2020 at 3:14 pm said:
  
  Hmmm, I thought the Mayflower badge was for people who are Mayflower society members and are in that project, but I could be wrong.
  
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  - R Baker on September 21, 2020 at 4:08 pm said:
    
    I don’t know if it’s supposed to be for the Mayflower society, or not, but I definitely have the badge on my FTDNA profile. I am not part of the Mayflower project, though. I am quite certain that I am not a Mayflower descendant, so I can only assume that Joan Hurst and I share a common maternal ancestor farther back in time. Maybe it was the mother of one of these Vikings. 🙂
    
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    - Roberta Estes on September 21, 2020 at 4:51 pm said:
      
      Dang Vikings anyway😁
      
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      - R. Baker on October 22, 2020 at 10:18 pm said:
        
        If I’m interpreting my results correctly, it appears that I (along with 2 other contemporary persons) may form a new subclade with the two Swedish H1a1 subjects, according to YFull.
        
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Thomas Tenney on September 21, 2020 at 9:13 pm said:

Hi Roberta

Are there any plans to add the Ladies to FTDNA and/or YFull?

Asking for maybe add upstream… VK253 mtDNA V13 a relatively young line.

V13b

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- Roberta Estes on September 22, 2020 at 7:02 am said:
  
  Yes, I asked the same question. I’m working on it.
  
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Michael H. on September 22, 2020 at 6:46 pm said:

Was the skip of VK214 intentional since it is 1800 BC, not close to the Viking era? That one matches my father’s maternal line Mtdna haplogroup X2c1. I have been hoping there is autosomal dna from that specimen so it can be compared to my father’s and see if this is a distant ancestor – same general region of Denmark as my father’s maternal line.

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ozakatomoe on September 23, 2020 at 6:14 am said:

Three share my haplogroup, H2a1, although I don’t know whether they share some extra mutations with me or if we branched from each other thousands of years ago. Two in Oland and the last one in Gotland. If we do match, I wonder whether our line comes from Sweden or Scotland.

My father is K1a4a1, there’s two of them. Although it’s not really likely they related to each other, this haplogroup is thousands of years old.

Do we have the details of the mutations somewhere?

As for Y-DNA, no obvious match to my father and my maternal uncle, who are R-DF17 and R-DF110, I’ll need to investigate more later.

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- Roberta Estes on September 23, 2020 at 7:51 am said:
  
  Nothing more than they provided already. Sorry.
  
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  - ozakatomoe on September 26, 2020 at 6:30 am said:
    
    I wish I took the step to get an extra letter sooner, but my cousins and me made it after the last update of the phylotree mt. Well, someday it will be cleared up.
    
    I had some time today to do the Y-DNA, I didn’t have much hope, as my father line is from Southwest France and he’s from the not so prevalent R1b-DF17 under R1b-DF27. I was pleasantly surprised. Three are three R-Z198 from Poland and Norway, which is an uncle branch to DF17, then there is one R-Y75899 from Oxford England, which is actually 4 subclades below my father’s. Not bad at all.
    
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Miguel Alves on September 23, 2020 at 12:08 pm said:

Hi there!
Do you have any more info about VK177? You say that it belongs to Y-DNA: R-FT31867, but in Yfull appears on my branch B83, under U152 (https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-B83/)

Thanks,

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- Roberta Estes on September 23, 2020 at 12:51 pm said:
  
  I don’t. But remember that FTDNA has many more samples to work with.
  
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Rain Man on September 23, 2020 at 1:17 pm said:

I’ve copied your list and shared it in table format on Google Sheets at:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10pGuEzDrIRXhFJMQFqh8WHTsHpyMIg2dUZ9Rp71s6y0/edit?usp=sharing

Feel free to use the table here … after all you transcribed it! 🙂

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- Roberta Estes on September 23, 2020 at 3:52 pm said:
  
  Please note the change in a comment posted by Wade Kotter.
  
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Patsy Dodson Wilson on September 23, 2020 at 2:10 pm said:

Thanks so much for giving us this information. I was very excited to find one listing for my Haplogroup H28a. You are very much appreciated!!!

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Caith on September 23, 2020 at 3:51 pm said:

Rain Man, thank you for sharing the table format. May I post your link at the FTDNA Forum, and giving attribution to Rain Man?

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Michael H on September 23, 2020 at 3:57 pm said:

What happened to VK214? Was it left out because it is so much earlier than the Viking era? That one has the same MtDNA haplogroup X2c1 as my father’s maternal line.

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- Roberta Estes on September 23, 2020 at 4:01 pm said:
  
  Some were not if a high enough quality to place.
  
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  - Wade Kotter on September 27, 2020 at 7:52 pm said:
    
    Sample VK214 came from the tooth of a female; the samples listed in this post are those which have been added to FTDNA’s Y-DNA Tree, so only samples from males are listed.
    
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    - Roberta Estes on September 27, 2020 at 8:18 pm said:
      
      True but I included anything reported for mtDNA. It was not reanalyzed, if that’s what you mean.
      
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      - Wade Kotter on September 27, 2020 at 9:11 pm said:
        
        I don’t see any samples from females in your list, Roberta. Did I miss something?
        
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      - Roberta Estes on September 28, 2020 at 11:54 pm said:
        
        They included the mtDNA for the males. That’s what I meant.
        
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Lisbeth Schmidt on September 24, 2020 at 3:18 pm said:

Wow, my ex-husband is G-M201. Galgadil, Fyn. Interesting, considering he looks as though he is from the Middle East … And I donot get any matches for him on FTDNA

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Ingemar Nordlund on September 24, 2020 at 8:21 pm said:

I’m also G-M201. Interesting.

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Lorrie Winslow Rodarmel on September 25, 2020 at 6:34 pm said:

This is so interesting, thank you for posting! My cousin matches VK262- I-FT347811. My MtDna is H10a1. I don’t see an exact match, but I do see H10, H10-x, and several H10e matches…how close are they? I’m still trying to make heads or tails out of all this information. Thanks again!

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Cathy M Dempsey on September 25, 2020 at 6:45 pm said:

Fascinating. My mtDNA is T2b2b so it matches exactly with one of the Icelandic samples from your later post, but I guess I’d share a common ancestor with all these T2b folks. My dad’s Y-DNA is well downstream of R-M269 but still estimated to be at least 2500 years old. I wonder if that is actually the terminal SNP for these ancient men, or was it just too costly or the usable DNA sample too small to get further results? Regardless, there’s a shared patrilineal ancestor somewhere! Thanks for sharing — I love this kind of stuff!

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- Helen Mahoney on October 10, 2020 at 12:59 am said:
  
  Hello Cathy. I am handling the mtDNA of a woman who is T2b2b. Both she and her mother have a small amount of Inuit in their DNA. Her Scottish ancestors emigrated to New Zealand via Nova Scotia, Canada. She and her mother live in New Zealand.
  
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- nellymahog on October 10, 2020 at 1:04 am said:
  
  Hello Cathy. I am handling the mtDNA of a woman who is T2b2b. Both she and her mother have a small amount of Inuit in their DNA. Her Scottish ancestors emigrated to New Zealand via Nova Scotia, Canada. She and her mother live in New Zealand.
  
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Deborah Thompson on September 26, 2020 at 1:34 am said:

Forgive my ignorance, but my Dad’s haplogroup is R-M269 and it appears that it is present in 7 of the samples. What do I do next to unravel the mystery? Not sure where to start! Thank you.

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- Roberta Estes on September 26, 2020 at 2:51 pm said:
  
  This was for fun, but if you want this deepest haplogroup, SNP matches and additional markers, upgrade to the Big Y test.
  
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  - Deborah Thompson on September 27, 2020 at 3:39 am said:
    
    That’s nearly $300 so probably not going to be feasible at the moment. I guess I’m just not sure how to interpret this. Thanks anyway.
    
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    - Myles Anthony Twete on September 30, 2020 at 5:05 pm said:
      
      Here is one way to understand it: Your father’s test only resolves his Y-DNA to be somewhere below the Haplogroup R-M269. That haplogroup includes 95 or more SNP’s (mutations), the last of which occurred about 79 mutations back in time for the average person under M269. At around 100yrs per mutation, all we know about your father’s YDNA is that he shares the common M269 ancestor some 7900 years ago and about 7000 years before all these vikings. I am also M269, but having taken the Big-Y, I not only share 7900year old ancestors with those M269 vikings, but also with 3 vikings with much more recent common ancestor (SNP Haplogroups Z331 and Z326). And even with those closest vikings, our common ancestor was about 44 mutations back, or maybe 4400 years. But hey, that’s not bad given the vikings lived some 1000ybp and this is but 4x that. In case this helps…
      
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Patti Malone on September 26, 2020 at 9:50 pm said:

I’m a real newbie here. My Mom’s haplogroup is J1c2c1a (not far from yours, btw).

If what I understand from your 2 latest posts regarding Viking ancestors is correct, I share some small amounts of DNA with others whose haplogroup is J1c2c1, J1c2c2a, J1c2k, J1c2h, J1c2t, and J1c2.

Am I right????

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- Roberta Estes on September 27, 2020 at 2:36 am said:
  
  Yes, J1c2 is the common ancestor of all of those downstream groups.
  
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Erik Jonsson on September 27, 2020 at 1:29 am said:

Hi Roberta, thanks for all this. I’m Swedish and N-FT89243. In the material I found two aincent viking skellies of mine: N-L1026 from the Swedish island of Gotland and N-CTS2929 from Gnezdovo in Russia. I’m also T2b7a1 on my mothers side. Interesting!

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Gail on September 28, 2020 at 9:02 pm said:

Thanks for posting this, Roberta. I found a positive match with my maternal (uncle’s) Y-DNA M269, and my maternal mt-DNA K1c1, which is not too surprising considering they all immigrated from Germany. However, my paternal Y-DNA I-Z171 match is very interesting as my father’s parents came from S.Italy… poor Calabria was invaded multiple times.

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- Myles Anthony Twete on September 30, 2020 at 5:07 pm said:
  
  His common ancestor with those M269 vikings was born some 8000 years ago—likely 7500 years further back than that German ancestry record.
  
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Anna-Karin S on September 29, 2020 at 11:38 am said:

Thanks for the interesting article !!! The only haplogroup I can be totally sure of is my own Mitok. haplogroup U5a2d. it is far older that the viking age present in some archeological find in Sweden as far back as around 10000 years ago.
While I did not find it in the list of graves you posted there where several with U5a and U5a2 mitoDNA which much be closely related to my group.
Especially the bones from Varnhem,Sweden several had U5 Mito.DNA.
Varnhem is situated in the province of Västergötland and was a very important place in mideavalSwedish history An important Abbey of the Cictercian order was founded there around 1150 AD. Later in the 13th century some members of the swedish royal families where buried there.
The excavation of the Viking area burial at Varnehm caused a minor sensation in Sweden since they people buried where buried in a christian way .with showed that there had been christians living there centuries before anyone had thought already in the Viking age around 900 AD.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_Farm

https://www.skara.se/se–gora/smultronstallen/out-and-about/4.-varnhem-monastery-and-kata-farm.html

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Anna-Karin S on September 29, 2020 at 11:48 am said:

I see now when I looked more closely that the burial in Varhem was U5b instead of U5a.
However there where U5a burials in other graves in Sweden Denmark,Russia.
some of the other burials in Varnhem apparently had MitoDNA from the T- haplogroups

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Ronald Blake on September 30, 2020 at 7:34 pm said:

Roberta, do you know if they have broken down further the R-S2857 which is the Y subclade of sample VK30? This is just upstream of my Y subclade YP-943. Thank you

Ronald Blake

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- Roberta Estes on September 30, 2020 at 7:46 pm said:
  
  They have broken down as far as the SNPs will support.
  
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  - Ronald Blake on September 30, 2020 at 8:34 pm said:
    
    Thank you
    
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Patricia F Spears on September 30, 2020 at 9:05 pm said:

Thank you so much, Roberta, for sharing this information with us! My brother’s haplogroup (R-M269) is one of the matches! But my husband is not a match even though he is from Germany and Austria.

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Peter on September 30, 2020 at 11:26 pm said:

H4a1a4b appears four times, one in Greenland, two in Oxford, one in Denmark. I think many H4a1 folks are asking whether this is Scandinavian mtdna or is it in fact Pictish / Orcadian?

I’m H4a1a2. My mother’s family were from Wiltshire and southern Gloucestershire. I see matches in the Shetland Isles, Norway, sister matches in south Wales, Co Cork in Ireland.

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Göran Carlsson on October 11, 2020 at 7:18 am said:

VK 312 and VK 472 removed.Why?VK 533 sex?

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- Roberta Estes on October 11, 2020 at 7:32 am said:
  
  Sometimes the sample is too degraded.
  
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Napalys Juodzevicius on October 16, 2020 at 6:13 pm said:

Thank you for this cool post Roberta. I am Lithuanian with R-CTS1211 and H2a2b1 haplogroups- both with positive matches! It’s a small world after all.

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galadhorn on October 16, 2020 at 7:38 pm said:

I have both autosomal and Y-DNA matches with VK156 from Bodzia in Poland 🙂

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John Hale on October 17, 2020 at 4:43 pm said:

My confirmed Y-DNA Haplogroup is R-U106 at FTDNA. Does this mean that I in fact have a match with this sample: VK289 / Denmark_Bodkergarden Grav H, sk 1
Location: Bødkergarden, Langeland, Denmark
Age: Viking 9th century CE
Y-DNA: R-U106
mtDNA: J2b1a

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- Roberta Estes on October 19, 2020 at 12:21 am said:
  
  Yes, a very long time ago. If you refined your haplogroup, you might have a closer match.
  
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