I’ve been working with the ancient DNA results these past few days, as discussed in two previous articles, Utilizing Ancient DNA at GedMatch and Analyzing the Native American Clovis Anzick Ancient Results.
As I worked with the Anzick matches at GedMatch at all of the various threshold levels between 1cM and 7cM, each of which produced 1500 matches, except for the 7cM, which produced 1466 matches. The matches were not always the same, because obviously the sort order was different depending on how matches actually occurred before and after the 1500 cutoff threshold.
Given that, and given the autosomal ethnicity analysis of several individuals, and given that mitochondrial haplogroups A, B, C, and D are not known to be routinely found in the European population, I decided to extract all of the associated mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. Furthermore, parts of haplogroup X are known to be Native, and haplogroup M, which is quite rare, has long been suspected, but unproven.
In some cases, looking at the Anzick matches, we know that because of the very high level of Native heritage, the individual is either not admixed or only very slightly admixed. In other words, it makes perfect sense that their mitochondrial DNA is indeed Native as well as their Y haplogroup. At nearly 100% Native, both of those lines would have to be Native.
We found some surprises.
We found repeated instances of many mitochondrial haplogroups not previously identified as Native. In fact, with the exception of a couple subgroups of the M and X haplogroups, all of the Native haplogroups were found repeatedly in these samples.
Many of the participants tested at 23andMe, so even if we were to ask them for actual results, they don’t have any to give. However, even the haplogroup alone is useful, for just this reason – it can be identified as Native.
I maintain an exhaustive list of all Native American mitochondrial haplogroups that have been documented and attributed to Native Americans, along with the source. To date, there are 62. I compared the list extracted from the Anzick matches with the known list of proven haplogroups, and found quite a surprise.
There are a total of 85 new haplogroups extracted from this group. Now granted, there may be a few that will not stand up to scrutiny, in particular, perhaps haplogroup X2b which has long been debated as to whether it is Native as well as European. Additionally, some of the very basic haplogroups, such as A, B, C, etc. might be broken down further with full sequence testing if that hasn’t already been done. However, the majority of these haplogroups are found repeatedly and in individuals with little or no admixture. In addition, a paper was released in 2013 that reported that 85-90% of Mexican women’s DNA was indeed Native American.
I view this list of haplogroups as an incredible gift from the analysis of that Anzick child’s remains. If we can discover this much from the full genomic sequencing of one Native American, imagine what we could do with more. This new list of 85 provisional Native haplogroups is more, in one fell swoop, than the 62 we have to date from more than 15 years of research. We’ve increased the list by 138% to a total of 147.
Provisional Native American Haplogroups Extrapolated from Anzick Match Results
- A
- A2ab
- A2c
- A2c-C64T
- A2d
- A2d1a
- A2e
- A2f
- A2f1a
- A2g
- A2g1
- A2h
- A2h1
- A2i
- A2j
- A2k
- A2k1
- A2p
- A2q
- A2u
- A2v
- A2z
- B
- B1
- B2
- B2a1a
- B2a1a1
- B2b2
- B2c
- B2c2b
- B2d
- B2f
- B2g
- B2g1
- B4
- B4’5
- B4a1a
- B4a1b1
- B4f1
- B5b2a
- B5b3
- C1b1
- C1b11
- C1b2
- C1b2a
- C1b3
- C1b4
- C1b7
- C1ba
- C1c1
- C1c1b
- C1c2
- C1c5
- C1c6
- C2b
- C4a1
- C4c1
- D
- D1d
- D4g1
- D4h1a
- D4h1a2
- D4h1a1
- D4h3a
- D5a2a
- D5b1
- M
- M1a
- M1b1
- M23
- M3
- M30c
- M51
- M5b3e
- M7b1’2
- M9a3a
- X
- X2
- X2a1a
- X2a1b1a
- X2b-T226C
- X2c2
- X2d
- X2e1
- X2e2
I’ll be confirming these as far as possible and preparing a new comprehensive Native haplogroup list shortly.
This is very exciting, I have seen several TV documentaries about the Clovis over the years. Are there plans to make public other extinct populations for comparison with living individuals as in the case of the Clovis Anzick infant?
I don’t know. Let’s hope so.
I made a mistake on my post, it should have said “ancient”, not “extinct”, I posted the correct one. I have a question about lowering the threshold for SNPs, how low can they go and be considered IBD or does it matter if they are IBS with such an ancient person’s DNA?
Roberta, please add my haplo to that list as well, if you can – X2c1a. I have X2C1 from 23andme, and FTDNA added the a, so you might put X2c1 as well. I am a Sizemore descendant through Lydia Sizemore Blevins, and I matched Clovis on 23andme. I did have to reduce the cM but there was a lot of it.
Hi, my test is with 23andme my mtDNA haplogroup is B4’5 my 2x great grandmother was half Chickasaw and half Choctaw (may have Cherokee on that side too, her father’s) her mother was Chickasaw. I have my maternal grandmother, mother and myself. I’m curious about the Clovis on 23andme? My results just show Asian/Native American and I haven’t found that kind of detail. Can you direct me to where i find that on 23andme?
Thanks,
Jackie
You won’t find any more on 23andMe. To compare to Clovis, download your results to http://www.gedmatch.com.
Hi. I just learned that I too have the X2c1 subgroup of X. We have been told through the years that we have Cherokee from my mothers side. It is early and I am still looking. But one site did show a link with the Cherokee tribe as well as 30% of Hutterites tested also from this Haplogroup.
Mark
X subhaplogroup X2c1 has nothing to do with Native Americans, it is an X subhaplogroup exclusive to West Eurasians, so your maternal line should be from Europe.
Lynn,
I am a Sizemore descendant also the 5th great granddaughter of George “All” and Agnes Shepherd Sizemore through their son George Goldenhawk and Sallie Anderson Sizemore through their daughter Nancy Sizemore and John M Hoover. Who was your Lydia Sizemore’s mother?? this is the first time I am seeing a Sizemore female with a possible Native American Haplogroup. So, I am wondering if some of the other people who tested and thought they were related to certain people within these families could have been wrong about the maternal side of their lineage or just plain wrong from the start. Thanks.
Michelle Centers nee Orsik
My mother was Linda Carol Hoover d/o Ray and Della Hall Hoover. He was the s/o Granville and Elizabeth Collins Hoover. Granville was the s/o George and Nancy Nan Lawson Hoover. George was the s/o John and Nancy Sizemore Hoover.
Roberta, was A10 look at.
Thanks
Paul
Way to go, Roberta! You are amazing and your quest for answers is limitless! This is the exact way that science advances – people noticing something, asking a question, then trying to find the answer. Cannot even imagine how many hours you spend per day on this quest!
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There is a lot of confusion when it comes to the Indian census rolls, mainly refering to the Southwestern area of Arizona, California, Coloradoand New Mexico. Many were not created until the 1930’s. There were many indian natives who lived on small native lands by waterways and were not documented as such on any of the census due to them not residing on the newly development of “reservations”. Many native americans lived in such isolated and remote areas, and they were not counted in the census rolls and then later considered, “mexicans” from the lands of Mexico, presently southwestern America. Many of the native people were sometimes married out of the tribe to non native, european Americans outside the reservations. With this in mind, they too were not listed on any of the Indian rolls. This left many natives out of any documentation of their native ancestry. Today, many natives have fallen through the cracks of documentation flaws and have become a tribe without a home literally.
In the 1800’s, many mineral mines were opening across the southwest. Many natives tribes did not look favorably of natives working in the mines. So, many were excommunicated from the native tribal community due to this. Many tribal leaders felt moving away from communities gave away to new influences of the New immigrants and easterners moving West. This left the notion that many if the natives left the sacred surroundings of cultural obdiences and family traditions. The influx of anglos from the east and the presence of American government rulings proved detrimental due to the unpredictability of the future intentions of the newly formed government.
Now with new foreigners arriving and the hardship many natives were now faced with, left many with so much uncertainty of the future of the livelihood of the Indian nation. With the chance to become financially independent from the new arrivals of immigrants into the west, many natives who went to work in newly formed mining, Many, if not all Natives, were look upon negatively by the tribal nations for leaving the securities of the native communities. Not only did native Indians leave to work in the mines but also many became ranchers and farmers providing goods to residences of the newly formed mining towns.
With reference to the census rolls, many non natives anglos married native Indians and began having children. Many of these Anglos were submitted into the Indian rolls making them now native. It was unfortunate that the native nations looked negatively on the natives who didn’t follow the American formations of the “reservations” and relied on the U.S. government on the little support provided and mistreatment the local indian natives received. This mistreatment led many to not conform to the “reservation” and chose to seek a life outside the reservations where they had built homes outside the communities of their tribal ancestors. You can’t place blame on the natives that chose to make a living elsewhere to provide a life for their families rather than being confined on reservations unknowing the intentions of the newly formed reservations of the 1800’s and the uncertainty of the future survival of those in that time if unrest.
Many native american families who now live have lived away from the communities of the Indian reservations and were not documented on any Indian rolls are left out of their communities to carry on traditions as a whole. Many Familes rely on traditions passed down from their great grandparents and other family members. There are many natives indians in the southwest who live outside the native communities for no fault of their own. With new generations coming to DNA to seek out their cultural and ancestral rights are being turned down yet again. With many tribes not considering DNA as a factor to prove ancestral connections, this leave many without a connection to their community of their culture.
Hopefully, DNA will play an intricate part of bringing back family members who were left out due to the circumstances of uncertainty at a time of unrest and mistreatment of the native community. Many of us have strong DNA percentageS of around 25% to 60% of native American DNA from the southwest. Many have categorized the native Americans of the southwest, who don’t live on reservations, as Mexican or Hispanic, leaving their native Indian ancestry behind forever. Until DNA will be accepted in the native American communities if the southwest, we will have to wait and see how it will be moving forward.
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A2g1 is also found with native Americans in the Pacific northwest and are closely related to the inuit
I’m a2g1 of new Mexico the best place to find. native American ancestry the best place is 23andme or family tree the two leading dna researching ancestry companies. 50 to 60 percent of Navajo and apache carry a2g1. And they are from the Pacific northwest. 90 percent of Which the native American tribe’s carry a2g1 and the inuit carrys, a 100 percent of a2g1 but the apache and Navajo moved to the southwest about 500 years ago. From the Pacific northwest they are not Mexican
Thank you.
Do you have anything on M5a1b? My halogroup from 23and me. My brother, M269, from ftdna. Thank you in advance.
I do not. What do you know about your matrilineal genealogy?
My mother’s mother – Demaris (Rose) Carroll, gmother – Rachel (Siler) Rose, ggmother – Margaret (Mode) Siler, ggggrandmother – Mary (Vanderpool) Mode.
Where is Mary Vanderpool Mode from? Do you know where she was born?
Mary Vanderpool Mode b. 1760 Surry, North Carolina, d. 1818 Campbell, Tn
Does the person have matches?
Matches through family finder ftdna and 23andme.
What about mitochondrial matches through FTDNA?
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I am A2q per 23and me. I don’t know what this means.
I have compiled what is knows about the various haplogroups that are or appear to be Native American. It looks like A2q is Native. You can see what I have here. Where is your matrilineal line from? That would be your mother’s mother’s mother’s line on up that maternal line. http://dna-explained.com/2013/09/18/native-american-mitochondrial-haplogroups/
I am A2q on mom’s side. what does it mean?
Hi Roberta, this is very interesting thread, however I am uncertain how exactly you extrapolated some of mt haplogroups from the Anzick data. Would it be possible for you to describe how the process works? I am most interested in the M’s:
M, M1a, M1b1, M2a3, M3, M30c, M30d1, M51, M5b3e, M7b1’2, M9a3a. Any detail on this would be very much appreciated. Neil
I extracted the mtDNA results of the people that the kit matched and contacted them. I’m interested in M as well.
Hi Roberta, so is what you’re saying is you provisionally assign these M haplogroups as possibly Native American by comparing stretches of of the Anzick DNA to people on the FTDNA database you found matching stretches and were thus able to infer that Native Americans once possibly carried the range of mtdna’s on your list? Have I got that right? I have absolutely nothing against this sort of quest for a clearer understanding of Native American origins I am just really interested in mtdna M since reading Malhi’s 2007 paper on ancient dna from China Lake. Any greater detail you could provide would be much appreciated. Neil
No, at GedMatch because you can select your own threshold. You can do the same thing with the kit. I have not updated this information from the Anzick kit since that time. I also contacted the people and eliminated any with explanations that would put their ancestor outside of the Native population.
Hello Roberta,
My name is Marisa and I just got my Ancestry DNA kit results back this week. My haplogroup is B2c and I’m very interested in learning more. The Ancestry DNA results don’t provide you with too much information and I am wondering how I would go about getting the raw data from them to transfer it in to GEDmatch. On the haplogroup certificate I see a box on the right that says mtDNA Markers. Is this the information that needs to be transferred? I don’t see any place to manage your data. Please help! Thank you!
Marisa
I’m confused, because you don’t receive haplogroup information from AncestryDNA through Ancestry.com. If you’re talking about the other test that is called Ancestry by DNA, that’s entirely different. You don’t have anything to download from them. Many people think they are taking the Ancestry DNA test but they order the Ancestry by DNA test by accident. If you want to learn more about your mitochondrial haplogroup, the only company to offer full testing is Family Tree DNA. They and Ancestry.com both also offer the Family Finder test. I would very much like for you to test at Family Tree DNA because haplogroup B2c is quite rare. I wrote about it here. http://dna-explained.com/2016/03/14/native-american-haplogroup-b2c-discovered-in-the-eastern-us-and-canada/
You can read about the different kinds of DNA tests here: http://dna-explained.com/2012/10/01/4-kinds-of-dna-for-genetic-genealogy/
Where is your matrilineal line (your mother, her mother, her mother, etc.) from?
Wow! Well that explains a lot! I wish I had known they were two different tests before I spent so much money on them for my whole family! Lol…So, my family on my both my parent’s sides are from Mexico, but specifically from the San Juan de los Lagos area (according to my Grandma who has since passed away) and we may also have family from Arizona and Texas (on my mom’s father’s side) which is where my grandmother, mother and myself were born and raised. I am in the process of putting together our family tree through Ancestry.com (hence thinking I was purchasing their product) but would most definitely be willing to do another test through Family Tree DNA to get more information and to contribute to any ongoing DNA research on my haplogroup in particular. I find all of this so exciting since I was raised by only my mother’s side of the family as an only child, and recently found my father and siblings at age 37 through Ancestry.com and using DNA testing (my dad is a private investigator…ironic, huh?). I will try to get my testing done as soon as possible since I’m eager to learn more about my ancestry. According to the results from Ancestry by DNA, I am 24% Indigenous, 24% East Asian (Beringer theory?), 6% Sub-Saharan African, and 46% European (yeah, I guess we gotta claim them too, lol!). On the haplogroup page there is a box with a lot of numbers and letters titled mtDNA Markers. Is this information anymore helpful than what I just shared with you? You can reach me at this email mariazteca13@gmail.com if you have any more information/questions, and I’ll let you know when I take the Family Tree DNA test. How can I best reach you?
Marisa Y. Villegas
I am e-mailing you.
What does the Z represent in A2Z?
It’s just a designator for a branch.
Thank you so much for your work. I was adopted as an infant in California. Not knowing my true nationality I went to 23 and me. I found I am 24% Chumash and have a haplogroup of a2c. I also have ancestry from the Iberian peninsula. I am very interested in my new found ancestry and was excited to find your website and interest in native DNA.
Sandra D.
How did you discover that you were 24% Chumash? Vendor reports don’t typically name tribes. Did you discover that with subsequent research. Very interesting.
I’m confused how can aznick be related to multiple seperate Clades of mtDna? This DNA games changes by slow accretion of mutations not via recombination. Which means it cannot be A B D C and X. Unless it was ancestral to all which Aznick is too young to be.
You and I can be cousins and not share our direct matrilineal line. That’s the same way Anzick can be related to people with different mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.
I have a maternal family haplogroup of A2q from ftdna but can’t find anything online about it. Some family tradition says this is Choctaw from before the Civil War. Do you have any confirmation or information?
This is the site where I keep all the published information. https://dna-explained.com/2013/09/18/native-american-mitochondrial-haplogroups/
There is some A2q, but not a lot. Where is your most distant mitochondrial ancestor found?
The known relative is a woman born about 1830 in Mississippi. She and various siblings were relocated to Louisiana.
I have always been told I was part Native American. I am x2c1. do you think there is a possibility that I am part Native American?
thank you!
Where is your most distant direct matrilineal ancestor from? That is your mother’s mother’s mother’s line, on up that line through all females until you run out of ancestors. Here is the list I maintain of Native haplogroups. I’m in the process of preparing another update. https://dna-explained.com/2013/09/18/native-american-mitochondrial-haplogroups/
I have a question – my maternal haplogroup is M1a1a and when I run my Admixutre on GEDmatch I do show traces of NA so would you say that I more than likely do have NA in my family history? Like so many other people, family lore is that a Great-Grandmother was NA (Dad said his Great so that would be my 2nd Great (?)).
If you believe that your father’s line carried the Native American, then your haplogroup has nothing to do with that. Your haplogroup is from your mother’s mother’s mother’s line. What do you know about that lineage?
Thank you for getting back to me. We know nothing about my mother’s family. Unfortunately she has pasted and she didn’t know anything about them. I only found the marriage certificate for her mother and her father about 2 weeks ago. Until then we didn’t even know his name.
I read your article so even though the old belief was that M was not a NA haplogroup based on the new testing it is? So is the sub group haplogroup M1a1a a NA haplogroup?
Not that we know of, but research is ongoing. That’s one reason why I asked what you know about that line. Do you know anything at all. Is the family African American, European, some of each, don’t know?
What I have done so far on her line there is no African or African American. They are from the MIdwest (NC, Indiana, Illinois), East Coast here in the states, and European from England, Wales, Germany.
My Haplogroup is B4’5 results from 23 and me. My Great Grandfather always said he was half Pima Indian. Of course I can not confirm this because his birth certificate is non existent. I do not believe my great grandparents were married. He and my Grandmother were from Arizona. Do you happen to know the haplogroup of Pima Indians?
There is no specific haplogroup for the Pima Indians. Is there a male descendant that carries his surname that you could test for the Y DNA? That would be very helpful to you.
Hi! I actually just received results from African Ancestry that says I belong to baplogroup B4a1a. The match was 100%. This has left me with so many questions. It was actually quite surprising, I mean like I was shocked. I have never heard the term “haplogroup” and I’m just really confused as to what this means about my lineage. I’ve read a few articles but they have left me just scratching my head . I guess I need it explained in layman terms. Any information you can give would help.
This article will help. https://dna-explained.com/2013/01/24/what-is-a-haplogroup/
Hi, I’m curious about haplogroup B2f have any information this? I know B has a high percentage in the southwest and northwest of Mexico, but I’m trying to narrow the search to tribes.
You aren’t going to be able to narrow to a tribe through a haplogroup. You’ll need to do the full mitochondrial test at FTDNA and look at the most distant known ancestors of your matches to see if there is any mapping at all to a tribe. This article explains. https://dna-explained.com/2015/03/31/finding-your-american-indian-tribe-using-dna/
I found out that 3 or so people tested for Catherine collin as their known maternal ancestor tested as X2C2 which is of course European as she was born in France. some other samples taken i believe were in that area as well, thinking it had originated out of Sardina which is an island off of Italy-how did it end up in Clovis? maybe because its very anxient (prior to migration over to the Americas?) https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Colin-44
If you click on the link, you will discover that it’s not found in Clovis. Here’s the link. https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/24/new-mitochondrial-dna-haplogroups-extrapolated-from-anzick-match-results/
In this second article, there were still no results for X2c2 – so we couldn’t tell. If your ancestor is positively confirmed to have been born in France, then this would remove speculation, especially if there are other people she matches who are confirmed for their ancestor to have been born overseas as well.
https://dna-explained.com/2017/03/02/new-native-american-mitochondrial-dna-haplogroups/
You can e-mail me at robertajestes@att.net. I look forward to hearing from you.
Hi, I received my maternal haplogroup results from 23 and Me a few months ago which is B2c . I would like to learn more about this since I can only trace back to my grandmother’s family (last name Aragon) who lived in Pinos Altos, New Mexico in the early 1900s. I grew up believing that I had Apache blood, but not sure now. I am also a little confused because my brother’s result as well as my two daughters are B2; they don’t have the “c” as I do. Can you assist me in any way? Thank You!
It depends on where they are you tested, and the test versions. The best test is the full sequence mitochondrial test at Family Tree DNA because you can see all of the mutations for each person.
Roberta, X2b-T226C mtdna at FTDNA, also dna at Ancestry. Been at this for over 20 yrs & still stuck. Cant find who my gr gr grandmother really was ? So few people reply that would e helpful in my search. Also had the full sequence mitochondrial at FTDNA. Also on Gedmatch but I have very limited computer skills, and not really sure if I understand results . Any suggestions appreciated. Thank you
Contact http://www.dnaadoption.com and ask for help. They have free search angels to help you.
I have X2B and 23and me said no native American .even thou my grandmother is metis from Canada .so what gives?
If the Native American ancestor was several generations back, it’s certainly possible that you didn’t inherit any of that DNA, or not in pieces large enough to detect. As you know, There is still a lot of controversy surrounding X2b. You may want to take the full sequence test at Family Tree DNA if you have not already. https://dna-explained.com/2017/03/02/new-native-american-mitochondrial-dna-haplogroups/
My Maternal Haplogroup is X2b.DNA was done thru 23and me. They say no Native American in my DNA . that I am mostly Irish. When I go on GED match and admix it shows 2.7 American Indian. I don’t get it
Different companies use different routines. Both are estimates.
Roberta: Regarding X2b, of interest might be a recently published study (Nature v. 551, pages 368–372 (16 November 2017); https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24476; “Parallel Palaeogenomic Transects Reveal Complex Genetic History of Early European Farmers,” Lipson, Szecsenyi-Nagy, Mallick, et. al.) that includes identification of X2b-T226C in Neolithic teeth and petrous bone samples in modern Hungary; the particular sample is estimated to date from between 5281 to 5026 BCE.
I’m searching my mother in law. Her mtDNA is B4’5
On your mtDNA haplogroups page I saw this….
B4’5
Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
Shown as European and East Asian and Mexican and South America and Nicaragua and Guatemaula and Cuba and Pacific Islands and identified as Ho-Chunk and descended from Pistikiokonay Pushmataha, b. 1766 (Choctaw) and Eastern Cherokee and Chickasaw and Creek in the Haplogroup B project at Family Tree DNA
Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes January 2015 – (15 B4’5)
I am extremely confused because my mother in law’s family is from Chihuahua State in Mexico.
Also when my husband originally did his mtDNA test I remembered it saying something about Mayan. Now when I go back into FamilyTree I can’t find that reference anywhere.
The V17 update to the Phylotree changed many haplogroup branches. Hers may be one of those. I would suggest checking the new public tree for her haplogroup. I wrote about that a few days ago.
Hello Roberta,
I just received the results of my full mtDNA analysis this morning. I was quite excited, hoping to finally get a clue to the Ancestry of my oldest grandmother Francoise (de la Nation des Serpens).
What I got (rather unexpectedly) was the Haplogroup B2a1. I had four mtDNA matches: one from Oregon and three from New Mexico. The Oregon relationship. I figured out fairly quickly, as his mother had moved south from Saskatchewan, though he didn’t have any older information in his tree (I emailed him what information I had). The New Mexico matches must go back much further than Francoise (1787-1852). They were Genetic Distance 3 (Oregon was a 2 from a convergence at 200 years ago).
I have an educated guess that Francoise originated around the Alberta foothills or southern Alberta plains but I have nothing for her birthplace or her daughter’s. I know that the family were trapping around Jasper Alberta in the 1820s but everyone moved to St Francoise Xavier Manitoba by the 1840s.
Do I just have to wait until more mtDNA results are posted? Or is there a super-secret site for B2a1 lineages…? The FT Haplogroup B Project has one person in B2a1…
-John Paterson
p.s. Thank you for all the outstanding articles.
There are other projects you can check too. Plus the main page on my blog for this topic.
Hi I am new to this.
I did a mtDNA test and my results were B4’5. I’m trying to find the percentage of Indian blood I carry. Either I over looked it or don’t understand it. Please help?
Mitochondrial us for one specific line. It’s not a percent. Percents come from autosomal tests.
Roberta has X2c2 been confirmed Native American
Thank you
I don’t believe so. I’m working on this again now.
It would be exceptionally fascinating if the same method derived P from the y haplogroup Q branch such as M. Being largely ignorant of advanced genetics, would P or does M suggest place of origin?
You can use the Discover tool to learn about haplogroup and how they are derived. https://discover.familytreedna.com/
Hi Roberta. I’m just sharing that my grandfather just took the 23andme test and was determined to have the B2c (isolated) haplogroup. I ordered the test for him because we can’t find records on his 3x-great grandmother whom his mother is directly/matrilineally descended from, and hoped that identifying the haplogroup would offer a clue into her parentage. Our indigenous ancestry is Mi’kmaq and we also have ancestors with the A2f1a haplogroup. My grandfather’s family is from Prince Edward Island. I also ordered the FamilyTreeDNA mitochondrial test for him this week, so that we can contribute his DNA to some of the Amerindian projects on that site. I will be uploading his DNA results and mine to GEDMATCH this week. I’m happy to connect if we can help with your research in any way.
Thank you for ordering the mtDNA test and joining the American Indian project. Also the Acadian AmerIndian might be of interest too.
Hi, Roberta. I am interested in reading more about the inclusion of Haplogroup M in the list of Native American haplogroups, particularly the inclusion of the single M1b1a. Where can I read more? Thank you.
We have not seen any evidence accrue. I recommend the public mitochondrial tree at FamilyTreeDNA to track haplogroups.
I found this on A2d:
“Notably, in SG we found the sub-haplogroup A2d in six out of 13 pre-Hispanic individuals, including the oldest in our dataset, P_CCM_b (320 BCE) (Table S1). Out of this six A2d individuals, four belong to the pre-drought period according to dating based either on C14 or the archaeological context, and two to the drought periods. A haplotype median-joining network for the haplogroup A2 shows a clustering of the SG individuals carrying the sub-haplogroup A2d despite a time transect of 1,480 years (Fig. 2A). This observation supports a population continuity, at least of the female population despite the severe droughts in 900 – 1,300 CE in this region of the NFM.”
Is there a list that maps the Halpogroup to specific tribes? My mt Halpogroup is B2 very interested to see since I am African American 👀 I guess 😂😂😂
I covered that in my book, DNA for Native American genealogy which you can find here: https://genealogical.com/store/dna-for-native-american-genealogy/
I am C1b4 native
Roberta, I have been in touch with you before and you suggested my mother take the full sequence mtDNA testing. She has since completed this and the results show she is X2e2c. She has only 4 matches – 2 at a genetic distance of 2 steps and 2 at 3 steps. What is your knowledge of this Haplogroup and do you have any suggestions of where can I learn more about this Haplogroup? She has joined the X mtDNA.